Eva von Trott (1505 – 12 January 1567), was the royal mistress of Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, from 1522 until 1567. The affair was a contemporary scandal and was used as propaganda against the duke of Brunnswick in Wider Hans Worst by Martin Luther during the Schmalkaldic War.

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Eva von Trott came from a noble family and was a maid of honour at the court of Brunswick. In 1522, she became the lover of Henry V. From 1524 onward, she had ten children with him.^{[citation needed]}. Her family as well as the duchess demanded a discontinuation of the affair. Henry V then had Eva von Trott declared dead by the plague and a wooden doll buried in her place, while she herself was smuggled out and hidden in a castle, where Henry V continued to visit her in secret. In 1558, Henry V ended the affair and provided her with a residence in Hildesheim.

She has been portrayed in fiction.^{[citation needed]}