List_of_Palmyrene_monarchs

List of Palmyrene monarchs

List of Palmyrene monarchs

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Below is a list of Palmyrene monarchs, the monarchs that ruled and presided over the city of Palmyra and the subsequent Palmyrene Empire in the 3rd century AD, and the later vassal princes of the Al Fadl dynasty which ruled over the city in the 14th century.

House of Odaenathus

Odaenathus, the lord of Palmyra, declared himself king before riding into battle against the Sassanians after news of the Roman defeat at Edessa reached him.[1] This elevated Palmyra from a subordinate city to a de facto independent kingdom allied to Rome.[2]

Odaenathus later elevated himself to the title of King of Kings, crowning his son co-King of Kings in 263.[3] The title was later passed to Vaballathus his son, before it was dropped for the title of King[4] and later Emperor.

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Al Fadl dynasty

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References

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    Young, Gary K. (2003) [2001]. Rome's Eastern Trade: International Commerce and Imperial Policy 31 BC - AD 305. Routledge. p. 159. ISBN 978-1-134-54793-7.
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    Udo Hartmann (2001). Das palmyrenische Teilreich (in German). p. 178. ISBN 9783515078009.
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    Khayr al-Dīn Ziriklī (1926). al-Aʻlām,: qāmūs tarājim al-ashʾhur al-rijāl wa-al-nisāʾ min al-ʻArab wa-al-mustaʻrabīn wa-al-mustashriqīn, Volume 7 (in Arabic). p. 73.
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    Ibn Khaldūn (1375). Kitāb al-ʻibar wa-dīwān al-mubtadaʾ wa-al-khabar f̣ī ayyām al-ʻArab wa-al-ʻAjam ẉa-al-Barbar wa-man ʻāṣarahum min dhawī al-sulṭān al-al-akbar wa-huwa tarīkh waḥīd ʻaṣrih, Volume 5 - Part 30 (in Arabic). p. 105.
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    Khalīl ibn Aybak Ṣafadī (1363). al-Wāfī bi-al-Wafayāt Vol.28 (in Arabic). p. 345.
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    Khalīl ibn Aybak Ṣafadī (1363). al-Wāfī bi-al-Wafayāt Vol.7 (in Arabic). p. 192.
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    Yūsuf al-Atābikī Ibn Taghrī Birdī (1451). al-Manhal al-ṣāfī wa-al-mustawfá baʻda al-wāfī, Volume 6 (in Arabic). p. 48.
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    Aḥmad Ibn-ʻAlī Ibn-ʻAbdalqādir al- Maqrīzī (1441). as-Sulūk li-maʻrifat duwal al-mulūk (in Arabic). p. 801.
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