Marqod

Baal Marqod

Baal Marqod

Phoenician god of dancing


Baal Marqod (in Greek alphabet: ΒΑΛ ΜΑΡΚΟΔ, in Latin alphabet: BALMARCOD, restored in Phoenician: 𐤁𐤏𐤋 𐤌𐤓𐤒𐤃, romanized: bʿl mrqd)[1][2] was a Phoenician god of dancing.[3][4] He is attested in Greek and Latin inscriptions from the Maronite monastery in Deir al-Qal'a (near Beit Mery), which was built on a sanctuary dedicated to Baal Marqod, built in the first century CE.[5][3] Although 19th century scholar had made some different hypotheses of the nature of this god, he is commonly explained as "Baal of dancing" or "lord of dancing" (Baal is both a noun meaning "lord" and a divine name).[1][6][4] The name is believed to correspond with his Greek title κοίρανος κωμων (κῶμοι implies games and dances).[1][7] it is unknown whether he is called so because he was considered the creator of dancing or because dancing was merely the proper way to worship him.[6]

The inscriptions often addressed him as "Iupiter Optimus Maximus Balmarcod" (not Jupiter Optimus Maximus Capitolinus[8]).[9][10] In one inscription he was called also Μηγριν, meaning threshing floor, as in Hebrew grn), and it may mean that Baal Marqod was also the protector of the crops.[11]

Baal Marqod is mentioned in the modern play Le Martyre de saint Sébastien.[12]


References

  1. Renan, Ernest (1864). Mission de Phénicie (in French). Imprimerie impériale. p. 355.
  2. Tubb, Jonathan N. (2003). "Phoenician Dance". Near Eastern Archaeology. 66 (3): 125. doi:10.2307/3210915. ISSN 1094-2076.
  3. Tubb, Jonathan N. (2003). "Phoenician Dance". Near Eastern Archaeology. 66 (3): 122. doi:10.2307/3210915. ISSN 1094-2076.
  4. Sendrey, Alfred (1969). Music in Ancient Israel. Philosophical Library. p. 441.
  5. "Proche Orient". L'Année épigraphique. 2015: 726–728. 2018. ISSN 0066-2348.
  6. Quinn, Josephine Crawley; Wilson, Andrew (2013). "Capitolia". The Journal of Roman Studies. 103: 129. ISSN 0075-4358.
  7. Renan, Ernest (1864). Mission de Phénicie (in French). Imprimerie impériale. pp. 355–356.
  8. Rey-Coquais, Jean-Paul (1967). Inscriptions grecques et latines de la Syrie. Tome VI – Baalbek et Beqaʿ, Nos 2711-3017. Librairie orientaliste Paul Geuthner. pp. 68 (inscription no. 2739).
  9. "Proche Orient". L'Année épigraphique. 2015: 727. 2018. ISSN 0066-2348.

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