Perissodactylamorpha
Panperissodactyla
Clade of mammals
Panperissodactyla ("all perissodactyls", alternatively spelled Pan-Perissodactyla[2]) is a clade of ungulates containing living order Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates) and all extinct ungulates more closely related to Perissodactyla than to Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates).[1]
Groups thought to belong to this clade include Anthracobunia (including the families Anthracobunidae and Cambaytheriidae) known from the Paleogene of the Indian subcontinent,[3][4] as well as the South American native ungulate groups Litopterna and Notoungulata, both of which went extinct approximately 12,000 years ago.[1] Other South American native ungulate groups also possibly belong to the clade, but their placement is uncertain.[5] The enigmatic aquatic Desmostylia have also been suggested to be related to perissodactyls in some studies, though others recover them as members of afrotherian clade Tethytheria.[6] The Northern Hemisphere "condylarth" group Phenacodontidae has been placed as closely related to perissodactyls in some studies, though others recover it as unrelated.[1]