Symphyotrichum_laeve

<i>Symphyotrichum laeve</i>

Symphyotrichum laeve

Species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to central and eastern North America

Symphyotrichum laeve (formerly Aster laevis) is a flowering plant native to Canada, the United States, and Coahuila (Mexico). It has the common names of smooth blue aster,[5] smooth aster,[4] smooth-leaved aster, glaucous Michaelmas-daisy[6] and glaucous aster.[4]

Quick Facts Symphyotrichum laeve, Conservation status ...

Description

Smooth aster is 20 to 70 centimeters (8 to 28 inches) tall.[7] Its leaves are arranged alternately on the stems, and their shape varies among lanceolate, oblong-ovate, oblong-obovate, and ovate.[8] They measure from 3 to 20 centimeters (1 to 8 inches) long and from 1 to 2.5 cm (3⁄8 to 1 in) wide. They are usually hairless, and the leaf edges are entire or bluntly or sharply toothed (crenate or serrate), sometimes with smaller teeth (serrulate).[7]

The flower heads are arranged in clusters (panicles). Each flower head has 13 to 23 ray florets with pale to dark blue or purple petals (laminae), and 19 to 33 disc florets that start out yellow and eventually turn purplish-red.[7] The whole flowerhead measures 13 to 25 millimeters (1⁄2 to 1 in) across.[8]

The seeds are cypselae with pappi (bristles at their tips).[7] Like the hairs on dandelion seeds, the pappi allow the seeds to be spread by the wind.[8]

Taxonomy

There are four varieties: Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve, S. laeve var. geyeri (Geyer's aster[3]), S. laeve var. concinnum, and S. laeve var. purpuratum.[7]

Hybrids with this species and others of the genus have been reported, including three named as follows:[9]

  • Symphyotrichum × gravesii
  • Symphyotrichum × versicolor
  • Symphyotrichum × woldenii
Species classifications
  • Symphyotrichum
    subg. Chapmaniana[ref 1]: 133 

    S. chapmanii

    subg. Astropolium[ref 1]: 133 
    subg. Virgulus[ref 2]: 272 
    sect. Ericoidei[ref 2]: 274 
    sect. Patentes[ref 2]: 274 
    ssect. Brachyphylli[ref 2]: 274 
    ssect. Patentes[ref 2]: 274 
    sect. Grandiflori[ref 2]: 273 
    sect. Polyliguli[ref 1]: 133 

    S. novae-angliae

    sect. Concolores[ref 2]: 275 
    subg. Ascendentes[ref 3][ref 1]: 133 
                                                                                      

    S. ascendens

    S. defoliatum

    subg. Symphyotrichum[ref 2]: 267 
    sect. Conyzopsis[ref 2]: 271 
    sect. Occidentales[ref 2]: 271 
    sect. Turbinelli[ref 1]: 133 

    S. turbinellum

    sect. Symphyotrichum[ref 2]: 268 
    Cladogram references
    1. [R 1]
      Semple, J.C.; Heard, S.B.; Brouillet, L. (2002). "Cultivated and Native Asters of Ontario (Compositae: Astereae)". University of Waterloo Biology Series. 41. Ontario: University of Waterloo: 1–134.
    2. [R 2]
      Nesom, G.L. (September 1994). "Review of the Taxonomy of Aster sensu lato (Asteraceae: Astereae), Emphasizing the New World Species". Phytologia. 77 (3) (published 31 January 1995): 141–297. ISSN 0031-9430. Retrieved 23 August 2021 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
    3. [R 3]
      Sugbenus Ascendentes is made up of two allopolyploid species with historic parents from subg. Virgulus and subg. Symphyotrichum.


Distribution and habitat

Symphyotrichum laeve varieties are native to Canada, the United States,[2] and Coahuila (Mexico).[3] The species is introduced in Québec and New Brunswick.[4]

S. laeve grows in fields, open woods, and along roadsides[10] in rocky or dry soil and full sun.[11]

Ecology

Symphyotrichum laeve blooms in late summer and early fall. It is pollinated by many native bees[10] and attracts butterflies.[11] It is a larval host for the pearl crescent butterfly (Phyciodes tharos).[12][8]

Citations

  1. [1]
    NatureServe 2021.
  2. [2]
    POWO 2019.
  3. [3]
    Brouillet et al. 2006, var. geyeri.
  4. [4]
    Brouillet et al. 2020.
  5. [5]
    USDA 2014.
  6. [6]
    BSBI 2007.
  7. [7]
    Brouillet et al. 2006.
  8. [8]
    Hilty 2016.
  9. [9]
    Brouillet et al. 2006, var. laeve.
  10. [10]
    TWC Staff 2017.
  11. [11]
    Missouri Botanical Garden n.d.
  12. [12]
    Evergreen 2014.

References
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