Chemical compounds in foods or beverages like green tea, muscadine grapes, and dark chocolate can bind to and block the function of a particular enzyme, or protease, in the SARS-CoV-2 virus, according to a new study.

Proteases are important to the health and viability of cells and viruses, says study corresponding author De-Yu Xie, professor of plant and microbial biology at North Carolina State University. If proteases are inhibited, cells cannot perform many important functions—like replication, for example.

“One of our lab’s focuses is to find nutraceuticals in food or medicinal plants that inhibit either how a virus attaches to human cells or the propagation of a virus in human cells,” Xie says.

For the study, researchers performed both computer simulations and lab studies showing how the so-called “main protease” (M ^pro ) in the SARS-CoV-2 virus reacted when confronted with a number of different plant chemical compounds already known for their potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

“M ^pro in SARS-CoV-2 is required for the virus to replicate and assemble itself,” Xie says. “If we can inhibit or deactivate this protease, the virus will die.”

Computer simulations showed that the studied chemical compounds from green tea, two varieties of muscadine grapes, cacao powder, and dark chocolate could bind to different portions of M ^pro .

“M ^pro has a portion that is like a ‘pocket’ that was ‘filled’ by the chemical compounds,” Xie says. “When this pocket was filled, the protease lost its important function.”

In vitro lab experiments showed similar results. The chemical compounds in green tea and muscadine grapes were very successful at inhibiting M ^pro ‘s function. Chemical compounds in cacao powder and dark chocolate reduced Mpro activity by about half.

“Green tea has five tested chemical compounds that bind to different sites in the pocket on M ^pro , essentially overwhelming it to inhibit its function,” Xie says. “ Muscadine grapes contain these inhibitory chemicals in their skins and seeds. Plants use these compounds to protect themselves, so it is not surprising that plant leaves and skins contain these beneficial compounds.”

The paper appears in Frontiers in Plant Science .

The US Department of Agriculture funded the work.

Source: NC State

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