The 107th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 1 to May 16, 1884, during the second year of Grover Cleveland's governorship, in Albany.

Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1846, 32 Senators and 128 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts were made up of entire counties, except New York County (seven districts) and Kings County (three districts). The Assembly districts were made up of entire towns, or city wards,^[1] forming a contiguous area, all within the same county.

At this time there were two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. In New York City the Democrats were split into three factions: Tammany Hall, "Irving Hall" and the "County Democrats". The Prohibition Party and the Greenback Party also nominated tickets.

The New York state election, 1883 was held on November 6. Of the five statewide elective offices up for election, four were carried by the Democrats, and one by a Republican. The approximate party strength at this election was: Democratic 446,000; Republican 430,000; Prohibition 18,000; and Greenback 7,000.

The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Albany on January 1, 1884; and adjourned on May 16.

Titus Sheard (R) was elected Speaker against Frank Rice (D).

Dennis McCarthy (R) was elected president pro tempore of the State Senate.