1130s

1130s

1130s

Decade


The 1130s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1130, and ended on December 31, 1139.

Events

1130

1131

By place

Levant
Europe

By topic

Religion

1132

By place

Levant
Europe
England
Asia
  • June A fire breaks out in the Chinese capital of Hangzhou, destroying 13,000 houses and forcing many to flee to the nearby hills. Due to large fires as this, the government installs an effective fire fighting force for the city. Items such as bamboo, planks, and rush-matting are temporarily exempted from taxation, 120 tons of rice are distributed among the poor. The government suspends the housing rent requirement of the city's residents.
  • The Southern Song court establishes the first permanent standing navy, with the headquarters of the Chinese admiralty based at Dinghai.

By topic

Religion

1133

By place

Europe

By topic

Religion

1134

By place

Asia
Europe
Eastern Europe
Mediterranean
Scandinavia
Western Europe

By topic

Culture
Religion

1135

By place

Assassination of Al-Mustarshid in 1135
Levant
  • Spring Shams al-Mulk Isma'il, Seljuk ruler of Damascus, sends envoys to Imad al-Din Zengi, Seljuk ruler of Mosul, to seek his protection in exchange of Damascus. Zengi crosses the Euphrates, receiving the surrender of the city of Hama. He besieges Damascus but, due to a shortage of supplies, is forced to abandon the siege. Zengi extricates himself from Damascus, his Seljuk forces capture the fortresses at Ma'arrat and Atharib.[31]
  • Queen Melisende of Jerusalem reconciles with her husband Fulk V, after a period of estrangement occasioned by her growing power, and rumors that she has had an affair with Hugh II (du Puiset), former count of Jaffa.
Europe
England
Middle East
North Africa
Asia

By topic

Religion

1136

By place

Levant
Europe
Britain
Africa
Asia

By topic

Arts and Culture
Religion

1137

By place

Byzantine Empire
  • Spring Emperor John II (Komnenos) leads a Byzantine expeditionary force into Cilicia (the Byzantine fleet guards his flank). He defeats the Armenians under Prince Leo I ("Lord of the Mountains"), and captures the cities of Mersin, Tarsus, Adana and Mamistra. Leo retreats to the great fortifications of Anazarbus – where its garrison resists for 37 days. The Byzantine siege engines batter down its walls, and the city is forced to surrender. Leo escapes into the Taurus Mountains, while the Byzantine forces march southward into the plain of Antioch.[37]
  • August 29 John II appears before the walls of Antioch, and encamps with the Byzantine army on the north bank of the Orontes River. For several days he besieges the city, Raymond of Poitiers (prince of Antioch) is forced to surrender. He recognizes John as his suzerain and becomes with Joscelin II (count of Edessa) a vassal of the Byzantine Empire.[38]
Levant
Europe
Britain
Africa
Asia
  • In China during the Song Dynasty, a fire breaks out in the new capital of Hangzhou. The government suspends the requirement of rent payments, alms of 108,840 kg (120 tons) of rice are distributed to the poor, and items such as bamboo, planks and rush-matting are exempted from government taxation.

1138

By place

Europe
Britain
Middle East
Asia

By topic

Religion

1139

By region

Asia
Europe

By topic

Education
Religion

Significant people

Births

1130

1131

1132

1133

1134

1135

1136

1137

1138

1139

Deaths

1130

Pope Honorius II

1131

1132

1133

1134

Saint Stephen Harding died on March 28, 1134
Norbert of Xanten died on June 6, 1134
Saint Irene of Hungary died on August 13, 1134

1135

1136

1137

1138

1139


References

  1. Foster, Robert W. (2002). "Yue Fei, 1103 - 1141". In Hammond, Kenneth James (ed.). The Human Tradition in Premodern China. The Human Tradition Around the World. Vol. 4. Wilmington, DE: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 99. ISBN 9780842029599.
  2. Xie, Jing; Heath, Tim (2017). Heritage-led Urban Regeneration in China. Routledge Research in Planning and Urban Design. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781317378433.
  3. Kuhn, Dieter (2011). The Age of Confucian Rule: The Song Transformation of China. The Song Transformation of China. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press. p. 76. ISBN 9780674062023.
  4. Doran, John (2016). "Two Popes: The City vs. the World". In Doran, John; Smith, Damian J. (eds.). Pope Innocent II (1130-43): The World vs the City. Church, Faith and Culture in the Medieval West. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781317078302.
  5. Wise, Leonard F.; Hansen, Mark Hillary; Egan, E. W. (2005) [1967]. Kings, Rulers, and Statesmen. New York: Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 146. ISBN 9781402725920.
  6. Stroll, Mary (1987). The Jewish Pope: Ideology and Politics in the Papal Schism of 1130. Leiden, New York, Copenhagen, Cologne: BRILL. pp. 11–12. ISBN 9789004085909.
  7. Dunham, Samuel Astley (1839). History of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. Vol. II. London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans and John Taylor. pp. 271–272.
  8. Brégaint, David (2015). Vox regis: Royal Communication in High Medieval Norway. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. p. 2. ISBN 9789004306431.
  9. Wang, Yuan-kang (2012). Harmony and War: Confucian Culture and Chinese Power Politics. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231522403.
  10. Cable, Monica (1994). "Hangzhou (Zheijang, China)". In Boda, Sharon La (ed.). International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. 5: Asia and Oceania. London and New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 325. ISBN 9781884964046.
  11. Houben, Hubert (2002). Roger II of Sicily: A Ruler Between East and West. Cambridge Medieval Texts. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 53–56. ISBN 9780521655736.
  12. Dummett, Jeremy (2015). Palermo, City of Kings: The Heart of Sicily. London and New York: I.B.Tauris. p. 35. ISBN 9781784530839.
  13. Matthew, Donald (1992). "Chapter 2: The Establishment of the Kingdom". The Norman Kingdom of Sicily. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 33–36. ISBN 9780521269117.
  14. Peterson, Gary Dean (2007). Warrior Kings of Sweden: The Rise of an Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Jefferson, NC and London: McFarland. p. 9. ISBN 9781476604114.
  15. Line, Philip (2007). Kingship and State Formation in Sweden 1130-1290. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. p. 80. ISBN 9789047419839.
  16. Newton, Michael (2014). Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia. Vol. I: A - P. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford, UK: ABC-CLIO. p. 92. ISBN 9781610692861.
  17. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 148–149. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  18. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 156. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  19. "True Origins". Retrieved 2007-11-14.
  20. Coppack, Glyn (2009). Fountains Abbey. Amberley. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-84868-418-8.
  21. Ivanov, Bojan (4 May 2018). "The ruins of Basingwerk Abbey, Wales: artistic and economic center for over 400 years". Abandoned Spaces. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  22. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 154–155. ISBN 978-0-24129876-3.
  23. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 158. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  24. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 170. ISBN 978-0-241-29876--3.
  25. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 160. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  26. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 170–171. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  27. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 171–172. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  28. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 162–163. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  29. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 164–165. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  30. Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 61–63. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  31. Walford, Cornelius, ed. (1876). "Fires, Great". The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance. C. and E. Layton. p. 26.
  32. de Rapin, Paul (1724). Histoire d'Angleterre. Vol. 2. La Haye: Alexandre de Rogissart.
  33. Richard Brzezinski (1998). History of Poland – Old Poland and the Piast Dynasty, pp. 20–21. ISBN 83-7212-019-6.
  34. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 173–174. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  35. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 173–175. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  36. Daftary, Farhad (1992). The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines. Cambridge University Press. p. 384. ISBN 978-0-521-42974-0.
  37. Yong, Tong (2012). "Yancheng, Battle Of (1139)". In Li, Xiaobing (ed.). China at War: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. pp. 510–511. ISBN 9781598844153.
  38. Ulomov, V.I.; Medvedeva, N.S. (2014). "Специализированный каталог землетрясений для задач общего сейсмического районирования территории Российской Федерации" [Specialized catalog of earthquakes for the purpose of general seismic zoning of the territory of the Russian Federation] (PDF). O.Y. Smidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
  39. Bijsterveld, Arnoud-Jan (2007). Do Ut Des: Gift Giving, Memoria, and Conflict Management in the Medieval Low Countries. Hilversum, Netherlands: Uitgeverij Verloren. p. 112. ISBN 9789065509581.
  40. Avonds, Piet (2016) [2001]. "Brabant, Duchy of". In Jeep, John M. (ed.). Routledge Revivals: Medieval Germany (2001): An Encyclopedia. New York and London: Taylor & Francis. p. 72. ISBN 9781351665407.
  41. Boffa, Sergio (2004). Warfare in Medieval Brabant, 1356-1406. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer. pp. xxvii. ISBN 9781843830610.
  42. Gillespie, Alexander (2016). "Volume II: 1000 CE to 1400 CE". The Causes of War. Oxford and Portland, OR: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 56–57. ISBN 9781782259541.
  43. Houben, Hubert (2002). Roger II of Sicily: A Ruler Between East and West. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 70–71. ISBN 9780521655736.
  44. White, Graeme J. (2000). Restoration and Reform, 1153–1165: Recovery from Civil War in England. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 50. ISBN 9781139425230.
  45. Crouch, David (2013) [2000]. The Reign of King Stephen: 1135-1154. London and New York: Routledge. p. 323. ISBN 9781317892977.
  46. Dalton, Paul (2002) [1994]. Conquest, Anarchy and Lordship: Yorkshire, 1066-1154. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 196. ISBN 9780521524643.
  47. Evans, G. R. (2000). Bernard of Clairvaux. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 15. ISBN 9780198028994.
  48. Stroll, Mary (1987). The Jewish Pope: Ideology and Politics in the Papal Schism of 1130. Brill Studies in Intellectual History. Vol. 8. Leiden, New York, Copenhagen and Cologne: BRILL. p. 80. ISBN 9789004246577.
  49. Takayama, Hiroshi (1993). The Administration of the Norman Kingdom of Sicily. The Medieval Mediterranean. Leiden, Boston and Köln: BRILL. p. 64. ISBN 9789004098657.
  50. Thierry, Augustin (2011). History of the Conquest of England by the Normans: Its Causes, and Its Consequences, in England, Scotland, Ireland, and on the Continent. Cambridge Library Collection. Vol. 2. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 203. ISBN 9781108030243.
  51. Solé, Glória; Reis, Diana; Machado, Andreia (Autumn 2016). "The Potentialities Of Using Historical Fiction And Legends In History Teaching: A Study With Primary Education Portuguese Students". History Education Research Journal. 14 (1): 143. doi:10.18546/HERJ.14.1.11. The second fictional narrative, Legend Of Ourique Miracle, Gentil Marques' version (1997), focuses on the Battle of Ourique, 1139, which was fought between Christians and Moors in the Alentejo (South of Portugal), during the Christian reconquest process. D. Afonso Henriques had planned to conquer land in the south of Portugal and also seize cattle, slaves and other booty. Despite being out numbered by Muslim forces, according to legend, the Portuguese were able in the battle, with God's help, to capture five Moorish kings and their troops. After this resounding victory D. Afonso Henriques proclaimed himself King of Portugal (or was acclaimed by his troops still on the battlefield). Accordingly from 1140 he used the denomination Portugallensis Rex (King of Portucalian or King of the Portuguese).
  52. Lea, Henry Charles (1867). An Historical Sketch of Sacerdotal Celibacy in the Christian Church. Philadelphia, PA: J.B. Lippincott. pp. 328–329. 1139 Lateran Celibacy.
  53. Dusil, Stephan (2018). "Chapter 7: The Emerging Jurisprudence, the Second Lateran Council of 1139 and the Development of Canonical Impediments". In Eichbauer, Melodie H.; Summerlin, Danica (eds.). The Use of Canon Law in Ecclesiastical Administration, 1000–1234. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. p. 140. ISBN 9789004387249.
  54. Kelly, John Norman Davidson; Walsh, Michael J. (2010) [1986]. A Dictionary of Popes. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 169. ISBN 9780199295814.
  55. Runciman, Steven (3 December 1987). A History of the Crusades. CUP Archive. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-521-34771-6. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  56. Pryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (2003) [1941]. Handbook of British Chronology. Royal Historical Society (Third ed.). Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 35. ISBN 9780521563505.
  57. Peck, Cristopher A. (May 2018). "Eustace, Son of King Stephen: The Model Prince in Twelfth-Century England" (PDF). Honors Project for HSS-490, University of North Carolina. Greensboro, NC: 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Eustace is presumed to have been born in 1130, but unfortunately there is no direct documentation or evidence dating his exact birth year
  58. Xiaoting, Guo (2014). Adventures of the Mad Monk Ji Gong: The Drunken Wisdom of China's Most Famous Chan Buddhist Monk. Tokyo, Rutland, VT and Singapore: Tuttle Publishing. p. 1. ISBN 9781462915941.
  59. Zhe, Ji (2011). "Buddhism in the Reform Era: A Secularized Revival". In Chau, Adam Yuet (ed.). Religion in Contemporary China: Revitalization and Innovation. London and New York: Routledge. p. 34. ISBN 9781136892264.
  60. Gerish, Deborah (2015). Murray, Alan V. (ed.). The Crusades to the Holy Land: The Essential Reference Guide: The Essential Reference Guide. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford, UK: ABC-CLIO. pp. 32–34. ISBN 9781610697804.
  61. Hamilton, Bernard (1978). "Women in the Crusader States: The Queens of Jerusalem (1100-1190)". Studies in Church History Subsidia. 1: 143–174. doi:10.1017/S0143045900000375. ISSN 0143-0459. In 1130 Melisende gave birth to the future Baldwin III
  62. Mayer, Hans Eberhard (1972). "Studies in the History of Queen Melisende of Jerusalem". Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 26: 93–182. doi:10.2307/1291317. ISSN 0070-7546. JSTOR 1291317. Baldwin III was born in the first half of 1130, at the latest in August 1130
  63. Rose, E. M. (2015). The Murder of William of Norwich: The Origins of the Blood Libel in Medieval Europe. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190219642.
  64. Glenn, Justin (2014). The Washingtons: A Family History. Vol. 3: Royal Descents of the Presidential Branch. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Publishing. p. 122. ISBN 9781940669281.
  65. Ado, Hawnaz İsmail Ado (2015). IRISH IDENTITY IN SEAMUS HEANEY SELECTED POEMS (Thesis thesis). ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES.
  66. Lai, Chen (2015). "Chapter 3: Zhu Xi's Confucian Thoughts on the Collected Commentaries of the Zhongyong". In Jones, David; He, Jinli (eds.). Returning to Zhu Xi: Emerging Patterns within the Supreme Polarity. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. p. 83. ISBN 9781438458373.
  67. Gardner, Daniel K. (2003). Zhu Xi's Reading of the Analects: Canon, Commentary, and the Classical Tradition. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 2. ISBN 9780231128643.
  68. Marchal, Kai (2013-08-01). "Moral Emotions, Awareness, and Spiritual Freedom in the Thought of Zhu Xi (1130–1200)". Asian Philosophy. 23 (3): 199–220. doi:10.1080/09552367.2013.806369. ISSN 0955-2367. S2CID 144410227.
  69. Öztürk, Murat (2013). "Zâfir-Biemrillâh". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 44 (Yusuf – Zwemer) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 69–70. ISBN 978-975-389-785-3.
  70. "Henry II | Biography, Accomplishments, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  71. "Decameron Web | History". www.brown.edu. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
  72. Ashley, Leonard (2013). The Complete Book of Vampires. Souvenir Press. p. 71. ISBN 9780285642270.
  73. Lyons, Malcolm; Jackson, D. E. P. (2008). Saladin: The Politics of the Holy War. Cambridge University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0521317399.
  74. Jien; Brown, Delmer Myers; Ishida, Ichirō (1979). 愚管抄: A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. p. 324. ISBN 9780520034600.
  75. Kwon, Yung-Hee K.; Kim, Yung-Hee (1994). Songs to Make the Dust Dance: The Ryōjin Hishō of Twelfth-century Japan. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. p. 160. ISBN 9780520080669.
  76. Sodders, Daniel R. (2004). Kleinhenz, Christopher (ed.). Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. London and New York: Routledge. p. 512. ISBN 9781135948801.
  77. Hinson, E. Glenn (1995). The Church Triumphant: A History of Christianity Up to 1300. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press. p. 377. ISBN 9780865544369.
  78. Rønning, Ole-Albert (Spring 2015). "Beyond Borders: Material Support From Abroad in the Scandinavian Civil Wars, 1130-1180". Master Thesis for the Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History, University of Oslo: 4. In Norway, they begun with the death of King Sigurd Jorsalfar in 1130, and in Denmark they started with the murder of the powerful magnate and royal descendant Knud Lavard in 1131.
  79. Næss, Harald S. (1993). A History of Norwegian Literature. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. p. 27. ISBN 9780803233171.
  80. Barton, Simon; Fletcher, Richard (2000). The World of El Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish Reconquest. Manchester, UK and New York: Manchester University Press. p. 172. ISBN 9780719052262.
  81. Barton, Simon (1997). The Aristocracy in Twelfth-Century León and Castile. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 280. ISBN 9780521894067.
  82. DOUBLEDAY, Simon R. (2001). The Lara Family: crown and nobility in medieval Spain. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press. pp. 26–27. ISBN 9780674034297.
  83. Opello, Walter C. Jr. (2016). War, Armed Force, and the People: State Formation and Transformation in Historical Perspective. Lanham, MD, Boulder, CO, New York and London: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 47–48. ISBN 9781442268814.
  84. Yockey, Francis Parker (2013). Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics. Abergele, UK: The Palingenesis Project (Wermod and Wermod Publishing Group). p. 426. ISBN 9780956183576.
  85. Shadis, Miriam (2012-01-01). "17 The First Queens of Portugal and the Building of the Realm". Reassessing the Roles of Women as 'Makers' of Medieval Art and Architecture: 671–702. doi:10.1163/9789004228320_018. ISBN 9789004228320.
  86. Rana, Lalita (September 2013). "Evolution of Modern Geographical Thinking and Disciplinary Trends in India" (PDF). The Association for Geographical Studies: 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Brahmadeva (1060- 1130) Mathematics & Astronomy
  87. Mehta, Nitin (2016). India A Civilisation The World Fails To Recognise. Bilaspur, India: Educreation Publishing. p. 26.
  88. Handa, Nidhi (August 2018). "Journey of Indian Mathematics from Vedic Era". International Journal for Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation. 9 (1): 220. doi:10.31786/09756272.18.9.1.127. ISSN 0975-6272.
  89. Weis, Frederick Lewis; Sheppard, Walter Lee; Beall, William Ryland; Beall, Kaleen E. (2004) [1950]. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who Came to America Before 1700: Lineages from Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and Other Historical Individuals (Eighth ed.). Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 126. ISBN 9780806317526.
  90. Panton, James (2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Lanham, MD and Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press. p. 345. ISBN 9780810874978.
  91. Venning, Timothy (2013). The Kings & Queens of Scotland. Stroud, UK: Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN 9781445613246.
  92. Aird, William M. (2011) [2008]. Robert 'Curthose', Duke of Normandy (C. 1050-1134). Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. p. 255. ISBN 9781843836605.
  93. Hollister, C. Warren (2008). Henry I. Yale English Monarchs. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press. p. 63. ISBN 9780300143720.
  94. Jackson, Guida M.; Jackson-Laufer, Guida Myrl (1999). Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. pp. 15. ISBN 9781576070918. 1130 Alam al-Malika.
  95. Chaves Hernández, Eva (2006). "Una relación de joyas reales de Yemen: El testamento de la Reina Libre sulayhí al-Sayyida Arwà bint Ahmad (440-532/1048-9-1138)". Miscelánea de Estuios árabes y Hebraicos. Sección Árabe-Islam (in Spanish). 55. ISSN 0544-408X.
  96. Bardsley, Sandy (2007). Women's Roles in the Middle Ages. Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. xvi. ISBN 9780313336355.
  97. Steele, Francesca Maria (1903). Anchoresses of the West. London: Sands. p. 165.
  98. Rogers, Clifford J. (2010). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology. Oxford University Press. p. 68. ISBN 9780195334036.
  99. "Lothar II (or III) | Holy Roman emperor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
  100. Theuws, Frans; Roymans, Nico (1999). Land and Ancestors: Cultural Dynamics in the Urnfield Period and the Middle Ages in the Southern Netherlands. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 331. ISBN 9789053562789.
  101. Woodward, Bernard Bolingbroke; Cates, William Leist Readwin (1872). Encyclopaedia of Chronology: Historical and Biographical. London: Lee and Shepard. p. 875.
  102. Van, K. Dijck-Mulier (1992). "[The tomb monuments of the Dukes of Brabant (12th-14th century)]". Verhandelingen - Koninklijke Academie voor Geneeskunde van Belgie. 54 (5): 395–412. ISSN 0302-6469. PMID 1288029.
  103. Dimnik, M. (2011). "The dynastic rivalry for Kursk (1054 to the 1150s)". Сіверщина в історії України. 4: 94. ISSN 2218-4805. On 18 February 1139 Yaropolk Vladimirovich died in Kiev and was succeeded by his brother Vyacheslav
  104. Martin, Janet (2006). "Calculating Seniority and the Contests for Succession in Kievan Rus'". Russian History. 33 (2/4): 267–281. doi:10.1163/187633106X00168. ISSN 0094-288X. JSTOR 24664444. After Monomakh's death, his sons, Mstislav (1125-1132) and Iaropolk (1132-1139), held the throne
  105. Barber, Malcolm (2004). The Two Cities: Medieval Europe 1050–1320 (Second ed.). London and New York: Routledge. p. 506. ISBN 9781134687503.
  106. Leyser, Karl (1982). Medieval German and Its Neighbours, 900-1250. London: A&C Black. p. 282. ISBN 9780907628088.
  107. Stalley, R. A. (2017-09-20). "A Twelfth-Century Patron of Architecture". Journal of the British Archaeological Association. 34: 62–83. doi:10.1080/00681288.1971.11894910.
  108. Davis, R. H. C. (1991). From Alfred the Great to Stephen. London and Rio Grande: A&C Black. p. 251. ISBN 9781852850456.
  109. Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Wiles, Sue (2014). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Tang Through Ming, 618-1644. Armonk, NY and London: M.E. Sharpe. p. 450. ISBN 9780765643162.

Sources

  • Fletcher, R. A. (1987). "Reconquest and Crusade in Spain c. 1050-1150". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. 5. 37: 31–47. doi:10.2307/3679149. JSTOR 3679149.
  • McGrank, Lawrence (1981). "Norman crusaders in the Catalan reconquest: Robert Burdet and the principality of Tarragona, 1129-55". Journal of Medieval History. 7 (1): 67–82. doi:10.1016/0304-4181(81)90036-1.
  • Meynier, Gilbert (2010). L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518) (in French). Paris: La Découverte. p. 86. ISBN 978-2707152312.
  • Picard, Christophe (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'occident au Moyen Âge, VIIIe-XIIIe siècle (in French). Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN 978-2130488101.

Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article 1130s, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.