1191_in_England
Events from the 1190s in England.
- 1190
- 6 February – massacre of almost all Jews in Norwich.
- 7 March – massacre of Jews at Stamford Fair.
- 16 March – a mob besieges 150 Jews in York Castle, killing those who do not commit suicide.[1]
- 18 March – massacre of 57 Jews at Bury St. Edmunds.
- 4 July – Kings Richard I of England and Philip II of France set out from France to join the Third Crusade.[2]
- Summer – William Longchamp arrests his co-regent Hugh de Puiset and rules alone as Lord Chancellor, Justiciar, and papal legate.[1]
- First known foreign scholar commences study at what will become the University of Oxford, Emo of Friesland.
- 1191
- 12 May – Richard I marries Berengaria of Navarre[3] on Cyprus; she will never visit England during his lifetime.
- 12 July – Third Crusade: Siege of Acre ends with a crusader victory led by Philip II and Richard I.[2]
- 7 September – Third Crusade: Richard defeats Saladin at the Battle of Arsuf.[2]
- October – Prince John of England deposes William Longchamp.[1]
- 27 November – Reginald fitz Jocelin elected Archbishop of Canterbury but dies before being consecrated.
- Monks at Glastonbury Abbey claim to have found the tomb of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere.
- 1192
- 5 August – Third Crusade: Richard defeats Saladin at the Battle of Jaffa.[2]
- 2 September – Treaty of Jaffa between Richard and Saladin allows Christian pilgrims to visit Jerusalem and ends the Third Crusade. Richard leaves the Holy Land in October.
- 11 December – returning from the Crusade, Richard is taken prisoner by Leopold V, Duke of Austria, and secured at Dürnstein.
- Prince John recognised as heir to the throne, and takes control of the royal castles at Windsor and Wallingford.[1]
- Rebuilding of Lincoln Cathedral begins.[4]
- Richard of Devizes composes Chronicon de rebus gestis Ricardi Primi.
- 1193
- 14 February – Richard I is handed to custody of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, and moved to Speyer.
- 29 May – Hubert Walter enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.[5]
- 1194
- 4 February – Richard I ransomed from captivity.
- c. 10 February – Henry Marshal is nominated Bishop of Exeter.
- 12 March–28 March – Richard returns to England and besieges Nottingham Castle to reclaim it from his brother John.[2]
- 17 April – second coronation of Richard I at Winchester.[1]
- 2 May – Portsmouth granted a Royal Charter; dock ordered to be built here.
- 12 May – after settling affairs in England, Richard I leaves for Barfleur in Normandy to reclaim lands lost to Philip II of France.[2]
- 3 July – Battle of Fréteval: Richard I reconquers his French fiefdoms from Philip II.[2]
- Hubert Walter appointed as Justiciar.[5]
- September: Articles of Eyre proclaimed
- Hubert Walter establishes the office of coroner.[1]
- Ordinance of the Jewry: for taxation purposes, records are to be kept of financial transactions. England elects to be served financially by Jews, hence the eponym.
- 1195
- Treaty of Louviers suspends war between England and France; France takes control of Norman Vexin.[1]
- Bushmead Priory founded.
- New stone Lydford Castle built in the Forest of Dartmoor.
- 1196
- Spring – in London, a popular uprising of the poor against the rich is led by William Fitz Osbern.
- Assize of Measures establishes the ell as the standard English measure, and regulates the production of cloth.[1]
- 1197
- A statute establishes standard weights and measures.[2]
- 1198
- June – England resumes its war against France, re-occupying Norman Vexin.[1]
- June 23 – fire at Bury St Edmunds Abbey.
- September – Battle of Gisors: English victory over the French.[1]
- 1199
- 13 January – short-lived truce between England and France.[1]
- 6 April – King Richard I dies of a wound received at the siege of the castle of Châlus in France.[2]
- 27 May – coronation of King John of England, Richard's brother.[2]
- Hubert Walter appointed as Lord Chancellor.[5]
- King Philip II of France renews his war against England, supporting the rival claim to the English throne of Arthur of Brittany.[1]
- St John's Jerusalem at Sutton-at-Hone, Kent, established as a Commandry of the Knights Hospitaller.
- St Laurence's Church, Ludlow, is rebuilt.
- 1193
- 1195
- 1197
- Richard of Chichester, bishop, canonised (died 1253)
- 1190
- 19 November – Baldwin of Exeter, Archbishop of Canterbury
- Ranulf de Glanvill, chief justiciar
- Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester
- 1191
- 26 December – Reginald fitz Jocelin Archbishop-elect of Canterbury
- 1194
- Abbas Benedictus, abbot of Peterborough
- 1195
- Hugh de Puiset, bishop of Durham (born c. 1125)
- 1196
- William Fitz Osbern, London citizen
- 1197
- 1198
- William of Newburgh, historian (born c. 1136)
- 1199
- 6 April – Richard I of England (killed in battle) (born 1157)
- 4 September – Joan of England, Queen of Sicily, wife of William II of Sicily (born 1165)
- uncertain
- William Fitzstephen, servant of Thomas Becket and sheriff of Gloucester
- Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 73–75. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 129–131. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- Sutton, Ian (1999). Architecture, from Ancient Greece to the Present. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-20316-3.
- Morgan, Kenneth O. (1998). The Oxford Popular History of Britain. Parragon. ISBN 0-7525-2572-7.