1196

1196

1196

Calendar year

Year 1196 (MCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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Second Bulgarian Empire (1185–1196)

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

  • December – Emperor Alexios III (Angelos) is threatened by Emperor Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who demands 5,000 pounds of gold or the Byzantines will face an invasion, this due to a convoluted system of dynastic claims of Henry gaining control of Alexios' daughter Irene Doukaina. The amount is negotiated down to 1,600 pounds of gold – with Alexios plundering the imperial tombs within the Church of the Holy Apostles – as well as levying a heavy and unpopular tax, known as the Alamanikon (or German Tax).[1]

Europe

  • Spring – Henry VI persuades a diet at Würzburg. He manages to convince the majority of the German nobles and clergy to recognize his 2-year-old son, Frederick II, as king of the Romans and heir to the imperial throne. However, Archbishop Adolf of Cologne thwarts the will of the diet and arouses the resistance of several Saxon and Thuringian nobles against Henry, who realizes that he is unable to establish a hereditary monarchy (see Erbreichsplan) in the Holy Roman Empire without resistance.[2]
  • April 23 – Béla III dies after a 23-year reign in which he has supported the former Byzantine emperor Isaac II (Angelos) against the invading Bulgarians. Having made the Hungarian court one of the most brilliant in Europe and made his hereditary monarchy. Béla is succeeded by his 22-year-old son Emeric as ruler of Hungary, Croatia and Dalmatia (until 1204).
  • April 25 – King Alfonso II (the Chaste) dies after a 32-year reign at Perpignan. He leaves a will that divides his realm (Aragon loses Provence) and is succeeded by his 21-year-old son Peter II (the Catholic).
  • Battle of Serres: Bulgarian forces under Tsar Ivan Asen I defeat the Byzantine army near Serres. During the winter Ivan continues his campaign in Central Macedonia and captures many Byzantine fortresses.
  • Ivan Asen I is stabbed to death by Ivanko, a Bulgarian boyar (aristocrat), who is accused of having an affair with Ivan's wife's sister. He is succeeded by his brother Kaloyan as co-ruler of the Bulgarian Empire.

England

Asia

Births

Deaths

References

  1. [1]
    Brand, Charles M. (1991). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, pp. 50–51. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
  2. [2]
    Hampe, Karl (1973). Germany under the Salian and Hohenstaufen Emperors, p. 226. Trans: Bennett, Ralph. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-14180-4.
  3. [3]
    Warren, W. L. (1961). King John. University of California Press. p. 60.
  4. [4]
    Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 131. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
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