The year 1530 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.

• Otto Brunfels begins publication of his illustrated botanical catalogue Herbarium vivae icones, based on his own observations and giving the plants their German vernacular names.

• Georgius Agricola publishes Bermannus, sive de re metallica dialogus, his first work on scientific metallurgy.

• Approximate date – Jyeṣṭhadeva, a member of the Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics in India, writes the Yuktibhāṣā, the world's first known text on the foundations of calculus.

• The name syphilis is coined by the Italian physician and poet Girolamo Fracastoro in his epic poem, Syphilis sive morbus gallicus.
• The first book devoted to dentistry, the Artzney Buchlein, is published.^[1]

• September 30 – Girolamo Mercuriale, Italian physician (died 1606)
• Mathew Baker, English shipwright (died 1613)
• 1529 or 1530 – Julius Caesar Aranzi, Italian anatomist (died 1589)
• approx. date – Thomas Penny, English botanist and entomologist (died 1589)

• Jacopo Berengario da Carpi, Italian anatomist (born 1460)