The year 1563 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.

• June–October – Outbreak of bubonic plague in London kills over 20,000.^[1]
• Bartolomeo Eustachi publishes De Renibus (including his discovery of the adrenal glands) and Libellus De Dentibus (in Venice), a pioneering text on dentition.
• Garcia de Orta publishes Colóquios dos simples e drogas da India in Goa, the first text in a Western language on tropical medicine and drugs, including a classic description of cholera.
• Felix Würtz publishes his critical treatise on surgery, Praktika der Wundartzney, in Basel.^[2][3]

• prob. date – Bernardino Telesio – De Rerum Natura Iuxta Propria Principia.

• October 14 – Jodocus Hondius, Flemish cartographer (died 1612)^[4]
• Louise Bourgeois Boursier, French Royal midwife (died 1638)
• Yi Su-gwang, Korean scholar-bureaucrat (died 1628)
• Walter Warner, English scientist (died 1643)
• approx. date
  • Oswald Croll, German iatrochemist (died 1609)
  • William Lee, English inventor (died 1614)