The year 1607 in music involved some significant events.

• January 6 – Lord Hay's Masque is performed at Whitehall Palace, with music by Thomas Campion and other composers.
• February 24 – Première of Claudio Monteverdi's opera L'Orfeo, with libretto by Alessandro Striggio the Younger, at the Ducal Palace of Mantua.
• March 1 – Francesco Gonzaga writes that the Duke of Mantua is pleased with Monteverdi's L'Orfeo and that the work had "been to the great satisfaction of all who heard it".^[1] Its second performance takes place on this date.
• Fourteen-year-old Girolamo Frescobaldi is appointed organist at the church of Santa Maria in Trastevere in Rome, thanks to his patron Guido Bentivoglio.
• Francesca Caccini marries Giovanni Battista Signorini.

• Agostino Agazzari
  • First book of madrigaletti for three voices (Venice: Ricciardo Amadino)
  • Second book of madrigaletti for three voices (Venice: Ricciardo Amadino)
• Gregor Aichinger
  • Cantiones ecclesiasticae (Dillingen: Adam Meltzer)
  • Virginalia: laudes aeternae Virginis Mariae... (Dillingen: Adam Meltzer)
• Adriano Banchieri
  • Ecclesiastiche sinfonie for four voices, Op. 16 (Venice: Ricciardo Amadino)
  • Virtuoso ridotto tra signori, e dame, entr'il quale si concerta recitabilmente in suoni et canti una nuova comedia detta prudenza giovenile, fifth book for three voices, Op. 14 (Milan: Simon Tini & Filippo Lomazzo), a madrigal comedy
• Bartolomeo Barbarino – Second book of Madrigali di diversi autori for solo voice with theorbo, harpsichord, or other instruments (Venice: Ricciardo Amadino)
• Lodovico Bellanda – Musiche ... per cantare sopra il chitarrone et clavicimbalo (Music for singing with the theorbo and harpsichord) (Venice: Giacomo Vincenti), a collection of songs for solo voice
• Giulio Belli
  • Compieta, falsi bordoni, mottetti, et litanie della Madonna for six voices and continuo (Venice: Alessandro Raverii)
  • Compieta, falsi bordoni, antifone, et litanie della Madonna for four voices and continuo (Venice: Alessandro Raverii)
• Severo Bonini – Madrigali, e canzonette spirituali del M. R. P. D. Crisostomo Talenti, vallombrosano, et del sig. Giovambatista Marino for solo voice with theorbo, harpsichord, or other instrument (Florence: Cristofano Marescotti)
• William Byrd – Gradualia, Book 2, for four, five, and six voices (London: Thomas East for William Barley)
• Diomedes Cato
  • Pieśń o świętym Stanisławie (Song of Saint Stanislaus) (Kraków: B. Skalski)
  • Rytmy łacińskie uczynione od krolewica polskiego Kazimierza (Kraków: B. Skalski), a collection of sacred music in lute tablature
• Giovanni Luca Conforti – Passagi sopra tutti li salmi che ordinariamente canta Santa Chiesa (Venice: Angelo Gardano & fratelli)
• Camillo Cortellini – Magnificat for six voices (Venice: Giacomo Vincenti)
• Giovanni Croce – Fourth book of madrigals for five and six voices (Venice: Giacomo Vincenti)
• Scipione Dentice – Fifth book of madrigals for five voices (Naples: Giovanni Battista Sottile)
• Johannes Eccard
  • Epithalamion nuptiis Iohannis Stobaei et Elisabethae Hausmann for six voices (Königsberg: Georg Osterberger), a song for the wedding of Johann Stobaeus
  • Psalmus CXXVII (Cum dederit dilectis suis somnum) for six voices (Königsberg: Georg Osterberger), a wedding song
  • Harmonia musica (Docti fulgebunt quasi splendor firmamenti) for five voices (Königsberg: Georg Osterberger), a graduation song
• Thomas Ford – Musicke of sundrie kindes, set forth in two bookes (London: John Browne)
• Melchior Franck – Melodiarum sacrarum for five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, and twelve voices (Coburg: Justus Hauck)
• Marco da Gagliano – Officium defunctorum for four voices (Venice: Angelo Gardano & brothers)
• Bartholomäus Gesius
  • Magnificat per quintum & sextum tonum for six voices (Frankfurt an der Oder: Friedrich Hartmann)
  • Der XC. Psalm (Herr Gott du bist unser Zuflucht) for five voices (Frankfurt an der Oder: Friedrich Hartmann), a funeral motet
• Hans Leo Hassler – Psalmen und christliche Gesäng for four voices (Nuremberg: Paul Kauffmann)
• Tobias Hume – Captaine Humes Poeticall Musicke (London: John Windet), a collection for two bass viols
• Johannes Jeep – Studentengartlein, vol. 1
• Tiburtio Massaino
  • Musica per cantare con l'organo for one, two, and three voices, Op. 32 (Venice: Alessandro Raverii), a collection of sacred songs
  • First book of motets for seven voices with organ bass, Op. 33 (Venice: Alessandro Raverii)
• Claudio Merulo – Second book of ricercari da cantare for four voices (Venice: Angelo Gardano & fratelli), published posthumously
• Claudio Monteverdi – Scherzi Musicali, Book 1, for three voices (Venice: Ricciardo Amadino), a collection of madrigals
• Pomponio Nenna
  • Responsories for Christmas and Holy Week for four voices (Naples: Giovanni Battista Sottile)
  • Sixth book of madrigals for five voices (Naples: Giovanni Battista Sottile)
• Asprilio Pacelli – Motets and psalms for eight voices (Frankfurt)
• Salustio Palmiero – First book of madrigals for five voices (Venice: Giacomo Vincenti)
• Enrico Antonio Radesca – Armoniosa corona, a collection of motets, psalms, and falsobordoni for two voices and continuo (Milan: Simon Tini & Filippo Lomazzo), also contains one piece by Giovanni Battista Stefanini
• Salamone Rossi – a collection of sinfonie and gagliarde^[vague]

• Feb 24 — Claudio Monteverdi – L'Orfeo, favola in musica, in the Ducal Palace, Mantua

• March 12 – Paul Gerhardt, German hymn-writer (died 1676)
• November 1 – Georg Philipp Harsdorffer, librettist (died 1658)
• November 6 – Sigmund Theophil Staden, German composer (died 1655)

• March 11 – Giovanni Maria Nanino, Italian composer and teacher (born 1543/4)
• June 7 – Johannes Matelart, Flemish composer (born c. 1538)
• September 10 – Luzzasco Luzzaschi, Ferrarese composer (born c.1545)
• September – Claudia Cattaneo, court singer and wife of Claudio Monteverdi^[2]