The year 1664 in music involved some significant events.

• Following the disgrace of Jacques Champion de Chambonnières, Jean-Henri d'Anglebert assumes the position of harpsichordist to Louis XIV, King of France.
• Anthoni van Noordt becomes organist at the Nieuwe Kerk

• Giovanni Legrenzi – 16 Sonatas, Op.8
• Heinrich Schütz – Weihnachts-Oratorium (Christmas Oratorio)
• Bernardo Storace – Selva di varie compositioni
• Johann Heinrich Schmelzer – Sonatae unarum fidium, seu a violino solo
• Barbara Strozzi – Arie, Op. 8^[1]

• Antonio Maria Abbatini – Ione
• Antonio Bertali – Pazzo amor

• January 17 – Antonio Salvi, Italian physician, court poet and librettist (died 1724)
• February 23 – Georg Dietrich Leyding, organist and composer (died 1710)
• March – Georg Österreich, composer (died 1735)
• March 14 – Silvio Stampiglia, librettist (died 1725)
• June 28 – Nicolas Bernier, composer (died 1734)
• August 6 – Johann Christoph Schmidt, composer (d. 1728)
• September 9 – Johann Christoph Pez, composer (died 1716)
• November 9 – Johann Speth, organist and composer (died c. 1720)
• date unknown – Daniel Purcell, composer (died 1717)

• January 1 – Charles Racquet, organist (born c. 1598)
• July 16 – Andreas Gryphius, librettist and playwright (born 1616)
• date unknown – Juan Gutiérrez de Padilla, composer (born c.1590)