Events from the year 1723 in Sweden.

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• Monarch – Frederick I

• January – The Estates of the Realm is assembled. The party in favor of naming Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp as heir to the throne is strengthened, supported by the Empire of Russia.
• The Estates of the Realm passes a new Order on Parliamentary Proceedings, which will be a cornerstone of the Age of Liberty in Sweden. It is one of the fundamental laws of Sweden together with the Instrument of Government of 1719/1720.
• January – Frederick I tries, but fail, to strengthen the royal power against the parliament with the support of Hovpartiet, the Holstein Party fills the royal council with its followers, and Arvid Horn become a leading force within Swedish politics.
• 1 May - A great fire in Stockholm destroys the Katarina Church and a large part of the city around it.
• 17 October - A law is passed, in which the Riksdag of the Estates is granted power over the monarch and the royal council.
• - The farmers of the state are allowed to buy the land they use.
• - The Lutheran church begin to persecute Pietism, which is becoming popular in Sweden and spreading by the home coming Carolean soldiers from the Great Northern War.
• - A new educational law is passed were all parents are obliged ensure that their children knows how to read and write.
• - A French opera company, the Académie royale de musique (Stockholm), are employed to perform at Bollhuset.^[1]

• 5 April - Catherine Charlotte De la Gardie, countess and heroine, famed as a pioneer of vaccination and for preventing a witch trial (died 1763)
• 9 May - Pehr Osbeck, explorer, naturalist (died 1805)
• 11 October - Hedvig Strömfelt, psalm writer and a leading member of Moravian Church (died 1766)
• - Maria Carowsky, painter (died 1793)
• - Eva Merthen, war heroine (died 1811)
• Catharina Justander, Finnish (Swedish) pietist missionary (died 1778)

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• - Beata Elisabet von Königsmarck, countess and landowner (born 1637)