The year 1730 in music involved some significant events.

• The Beggar's Opera by John Gay is so popular that a deck of playing cards based on the characters is printed.
• Antonio Vivaldi and his family arrive in Prague.
• André Campra becomes Inspector General of the Paris Opera.^[1][2]
• April 7 Johann Sebastian Bach premieres his copy of the anonymous St Luke Passion BWV 246 (BC D 6) at St. Nicholas Church, Leipzig.]

• George Frideric Handel – Sonates pour un Traversiere un Violon ou Hautbois Con Basso Continuo Composées par G. F. Handel (Amsterdam: Jeanne Roger), actually a forgery by John Walsh in London—Jeanne Roger had died in 1722

• Johann Sebastian Bach
  • Jauchzet Gott in allen Landen, BWV 51
  • Nun danket alle Gott, BWV 192
  • Lukaspassion, BWV 246 (now attributed to Johann Melchior Molter)^[3]
  • Organ Sonata No. 1 in E-flat major, BWV 525
  • Organ Sonata No. 3 in D minor, BWV 527
  • Organ Sonata No. 6 in G major, BWV 530
  • Partita in E minor, BWV 830
  • Violin Sonata in G major, BWV 1021
  • 3 Sonatas for Viola da Gamba and Harpsichord, BWV 1027-1029
  • Violin Concerto in A minor, BWV 1041
  • Concerto for 2 Harpsichords in C minor, BWV 1060
• Francesco Barsanti – 9 Overtures, Op. 4
• Joseph Bodin de Boismortier
  • 6 Suites and 2 Sonatas, Op. 27
  • 6 Sonates en trio suivies de concertos, Op. 28
  • Diverses pièces de viole avec la basse chiffrée, Op. 31
• Antonio Caldara – La Passione di Gesù Cristo
• François Couperin – Pièces de clavecin, book 4
• Philippe Courbois – Recueil d'airs sérieux et à boire à une et deux voix
• Carl Heinrich Graun
  • Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld (Passion cantata)
  • Kommt her und schauet (Passion oratorio)
• George Frideric Handel
  • Allegro in D minor, HWV 475
• Leo Leonardo – 14 Toccate
• Benedetto Marcello – Requiem "In the Venetian Manner"
• Johan Helmich Roman – Assaggio in G minor, BeRI 314 and 320
• Thomas Roseingrave – XII Solos
• Georg Philipp Telemann
  • Fast allgemeines Evangelisch-Musicalisches Lieder-Buch
  • Matthäus-Passion, TWV 5:15
  • Nouvelles sonatines
  • 6 Quadri a violino, flauto traversiere, viola da gamba o violoncello, e fondamento: ripartiti in 2. concerti, 2. balletti, 2. suonate, Hamburg: [Telemann] ("Paris Quartets" Nos. 1–6), TWV 43:G1, 43:D1, 43:A1, 43:g1, 43:e1, 43:h1
  • Violin Concerto, TWV 51:G8
• Johann Theile – Ach dass ich hören sollte
• Antonio Vivaldi
  • Trio Sonata in C major, RV 82
  • Chamber Concerto in D major, RV 93
  • Violin Concerto in D major, RV 206
  • Bassoon Concerto in C major, RV 473
  • Bassoon Concerto in C major, RV 477
  • Bassoon Concerto in A minor, RV 500
  • Concerto in G major, RV 575
  • Fonti di pianto piangete, RV 656
  • Par che tardo oltre il costume, RV 662
  • Qual per ignoto calle, RV 677
• Jan Dismas Zelenka
  • I penitenti al sepolcro del redentore, ZWV 63
  • Haec dies quam fecit Dominus, ZWV 169

• Francesco Araia – Berenice
• Riccardo Broschi – Idaspe^[4]
• Antonio Caldara – Enone
• Giovanni Battista Costanzi – L'Eupatra
• Francesco Feo – Andromaca
• George Frideric Handel – Partenope, HWV 27
• Johann Adolf Hasse
  • Arminio
  • Artaserse
  • Dalisa
• Nicola Antonio Porpora – Mitridate
• Joseph-Nicolas-Pancrace Royer – Pyrrhus
• Leonardo Vinci
  • Alessandro nell'Indie, premiered Jan. 2 in Rome
  • Artaserse^[5]
• Antonio Vivaldi – Argippo

• February 23 – Cristiano Giuseppe Lidarti, composer (died c. 1793)
• April 21 – Antonin Kammel, composer (died 1788)
• May 29 – William Jackson, organist (died 1803)
• June 14 – Antonio Sacchini, opera composer (died 1786)
• September 7 – Elisabetta de Gambarini, composer (died 1765)
• December 14 – Capel Bond, organist and composer (died 1790)
• date unknown
  • Theodore Aylward Sr., organist (died 1801)
  • Pasquale Errichelli, organist and composer (died 1785)
  • Domenico Gallo, violinist and composer (died c. 1768)

• March 17 – Antonín Reichenauer, composer (born c.1694)
• March 22 – Benedetto Pamphili, Italian cardinal, patron of the arts, composer and librettist (born 1653)^[6]
• April 10 – Sébastien de Brossard, music theorist (born 1655)
• May 27 – Leonardo Vinci, composer (born 1690)
• June 19 – Jean-Baptiste Loeillet of London (born 1680)
• August 31 – Gottfried Finger, composer (born c. 1655)
• October 15 – Jean Baptiste Senaillé, virtuoso violinist and composer (born 1687)
• date unknown
  • William Hine, organist and composer (born 1687)
  • Carlo Annibale Tononi, luthier (born 1675)
• probable
  • Filippo Amadei, composer
  • Charles Piroye, composer (born c.1670)