Events from the year 1740 in Sweden.

• Monarch – Frederick I

• - Foundation of the retirement fund Allmänna Änke- och Pupillkassan i Sverige for the destitute widows of civil servants, undermining widow conservation.^[1]
• - The Christina Johansdotter case.
• - The Hats (party) campaign for a war against the Empire of Russia with French support.
• - An unsuccessful attempt is made to exile the King's mistress Hedvig Taube from the country.
• December – Sagan om hästen by Olof von Dalin

• 4 February – Carl Michael Bellman, poet, songwriter, composer and performer (died 1795)
• 7 September - Johan Tobias Sergel, neoclassical sculptor (died 1814)
• 8 December – Elisabeth Olin, opera singer and a music composer (died 1828)
• 16 December - Georg Magnus Sprengtporten, politician (died 1819)

• 30 January – Amalia Königsmarck, dilettante artist (painter), amateur actor, and poet (died 1663)
• 23 March - Olof Rudbeck the Younger, explorer, scientist (died 1660)
• – Christina Johansdotter, murderer
• date unknown – Margareta Gyllenstierna, politically active countess (died 1689)