Events from the year 1743 in Sweden

• Monarch – Frederick I

• March - The peasant estate in the Riksdag of the Estates support Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark before Adolf Frederik of Holstein-Gottorp, as candidate to the post of heir to the Swedish throne.
• May - Three of the four estates in the Riksdag of the Estates: the nobility, the clergy and the burghers, offers to support the Russian candidate as heir to the Swedish throne in exchange for favorable peace terms with Russia.
• 11 June - Dalecarlian Rebellion (1743). A rebel army of peasants march toward Stockholm to prevent the election of Adolf Frederik of Holstein-Gottorp as heir to the Swedish throne and punish those responsible for the war.^[1]
• 16 June - Preliminary peace between Sweden and Russia.
• 22 June - The rebel army reach Stockholm, where they are dispersed by the military.^[2]
• 23 June - Adolf Frederik of Holstein-Gottorp, the candidate of Empress Elizabeth I of Russia, is elected heir to the Swedish throne.
• July - Execution of Henrik Magnus von Buddenbrock.
• 7 August - Treaty of Åbo.
• September – Denmark-Norway threatens to declare war because their candidate, Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark, was not chosen as heir to the Swedish throne, which result in Sweden having to accept a Russian protective force in Sweden.
• - Den sörgande Turtur-dufvan by Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht.
• - Elisabeth Christina von Linné publishes her discovery of the Tropaeolum majus.

• 1 February - Johan Christopher Toll, soldier (died 1817)
• April 17 - Johan Törnström, sculptor (died 1828)
• 11 November - Carl Peter Thunberg, naturalist and an apostle of Carl Linnaeus (died 1828)
• 15 December - Eva Helena Löwen, socialite, agent and royal favorite (died 1813)

• July - Execution of Henrik Magnus von Buddenbrock, Lieutenant General (born 1685)
• 22 march - Emerentia von Düben, royal favorite (born 1669)
• 23 September - Erik Benzelius the younger, theologian (born 1675)
• 20 October - Michael Dahl, painter (born 1659)