Events from the year 1745 in Scotland.

• Secretary of State for Scotland: The Marquess of Tweeddale

• 11 May – War of the Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenay in the Low Countries: Although this is a decisive French victory, the 43rd Highland Regiment of Foot (the 'Black Watch') distinguishes itself in its first battle.^[1]
• 23 July – Jacobite rising: The Young Pretender Charles Edward Stuart lands on Eriskay in the Hebrides^[2] from the Du Teillay.
• 16 August – Jacobite rising: A Jacobite victory at Highbridge Skirmish.
• 19 August – Jacobite rising: Charles Stuart raises his standard at Glenfinnan.
• September – Jacobite rising: Duncan Forbes, Lord Culloden, is commissioned to raise 18 new Independent Highland Companies from clans loyal to the government.
• 11 September – Jacobite rising: Jacobites enter Edinburgh.^[2]
• 16 September – Jacobite rising: "Canter of Coltbrigg": The 13th and 14th Dragoons flee Jacobites near Edinburgh.
• 17 September – Jacobite rising: In Edinburgh, Charles Stuart proclaims his father James Francis Edward Stuart as James VIII of Scotland.^[2]
• 21 September – Jacobite rising: Government forces are defeated at the Battle of Prestonpans.^[3]
• Autumn – Meikleour Beech Hedges planted.
• 13–15 November – Jacobite rising: Jacobites besiege and capture Carlisle, across the English border.
• December – Jacobite rising: Jacobite garrison in Carlisle surrenders to Hanoverian forces under Prince William, Duke of Cumberland.
• 4 December – Jacobite rising: Jacobite forces reach as far south in England as Derby causing panic in London.^[2]
• 6 December – Jacobite rising: Jacobite forces decide to retreat to Scotland.^[2]
• 18 December – Jacobite rising: A Jacobite victory at the Clifton Moor Skirmish,^[2] the last action between two military forces on English soil.^[4]
• 23 December – Jacobite rising: A Jacobite victory at the Battle of Inverurie.
• Prospectus issued for "The Company for Improving the Linen Manufactury in Scotland", which becomes the British Linen Bank.

• 12 May – William Creech, bookseller and Lord Provost of Edinburgh (died 1815)
• 24 May – Thomas Potter, industrialist, founder of Denmark's first iron foundry (died 1811 in Copenhagen)
• 23 June – James Graham, quack doctor (died 1794)
• 2 July – Robert Calder, admiral (died 1818 in Hampshire)
• 26 July – Henry Mackenzie, novelist, writer, poet and lawyer (died 1831)
• William Cruikshank, anatomist and chemist (died 1800 in London)
• Anne Forbes, Scottish portrait painter (died 1834)
• Approximate date – Sydney Parkinson, botanical illustrator (died 1771 at sea)

• Spring – William Meston, poet (born c. 1688)
• May – Rachel Chiesley, Lady Grange, abductee (born 1679)