The year 1750 in science and technology involved some significant events.

• Thomas Wright suggests that the Milky Way Galaxy is a disk-shaped system of stars with the Solar System near the centre.

• April 1 – Pehr Osbeck sets out on a primarily botanical expedition to China.

• January 17 – John Canton reads a paper before the Royal Society on a method of making artificial magnets.^[1]
• Approx. date – Leonhard Euler and Daniel Bernoulli develop the Euler–Bernoulli beam equation.

• November 18 – Westminster Bridge across the River Thames in London, designed by the Swiss-born engineer Charles Labelye, is officially opened.^[2]

• Historia Plantarum, originally written by Conrad Gessner between 1555 and 1565.

• Copley Medal: George Edwards^[3]

• March 16 – Caroline Herschel, German-born English astronomer (died 1848)
• July 2 – François Huber, Swiss naturalist (died 1831)
• July 5 – Ami Argand, Genevan physicist and chemist (died 1803)
• September 22 – Christian Konrad Sprengel, German botanist (died 1816)
• October 25 – Marie Le Masson Le Golft, French naturalist (died 1826)
• Aaron Arrowsmith, English cartographer (died 1823)
• Jean Nicolas Fortin, French physicist and instrument maker who invented a portable mercury barometer in 1800 (died 1831)

• December 1 – Johann Gabriel Doppelmayr, German mathematician, astronomer, and cartographer (born 1677)