Events from the year 1757 in Scotland.

• 77th Regiment of Foot (Montgomerie's Highlanders) raised as the First Highland Battalion by Maj. Archibald Montgomerie
• 78th Fraser Highlanders raised as the Second Highland Battalion.
• Macfarlane Observatory established at the University of Glasgow; its instruments are set up by James Watt in his new capacity as the university's instrument maker.
• Physician Francis Home publishes The Principles of Agriculture and Vegetation, an early presentation of the chemical principles underlying plant nutrition, in Edinburgh.
• Final rebuilding of Douglas Castle begins.
• Ossian's Hall of Mirrors, a folly at Dunkeld, is built.
• First lighthouse on Little Cumbrae is built.^[1]
• Main defences of Fort George completed.
• Robert Adam surveys the ruins of Diocletian's Palace at Spalato in Dalmatia.

• 27 February
  • Andrew Macdonald, Episcopal clergyman, poet and playwright (died 1790)
  • (baptised) – David Hume, advocate (died 1838)
• 4 March – George Thomson, musician and collector of traditional music (died 1851)
• April – John Clerk, Lord Eldin, judge (died 1832)
• 9 August – Thomas Telford, civil engineer (died 1834 in London)
• 20 October – Robert Kerr, surgeon and writer (died 1813)
• 13 November – Archibald Alison, Episcopal clergyman and essayist (died 1839)
• 6 December – Sir David Baird, 1st Baronet, general (died 1829)
• James Bonar, lawyer and astronomer (died 1821)
• Robert Brown, agriculturalist (died 1831)
• Andrew Mitchell, admiral (died 1806 in Bermuda)

• 19 January – Thomas Ruddiman, classical scholar, librarian and printer (born 1664)
• 20 January – Robert Keith, Episcopal bishop and historian (born 1681)
• 8 March – Thomas Blackwell, classical scholar (born 1701)

• William Burness builds Burns Cottage in Alloway; his son, the national poet Robert Burns, will be born here in January 1759.

• Timeline of Scottish history