1800_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia
The 1800–01 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with Thomas Jefferson being elected to the White House. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1800 and 1801, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.
Quick Facts 10 of the 32 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 17 seats needed for a majority, Majority party ...
 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 of the 32 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 17 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Results: Federalist hold Federalist gain Dem-Republican hold Dem-Republican gain | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Close
Although the Federalists began the 7th Congress with a slim majority, Jefferson's Democratic-Republican Party took over the majority shortly thereafter due to mid-year special elections. By the time the first proper session of the 7th Congress met in December 1801, three seats had been gained by the Democratic-Republicans, leaving them with an overall majority of 17 seats and a government trifecta.
Before the November elections
After the November 6, 1800 special election in New York.
| DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||||
| DR7 | DR8 | DR9 N.H. Ran |
DR10 N.Y. Ran |
DR11 N.C. Retired |
F21 Vt. Ran |
F20 S.C. Ran |
F19 Pa. Retired |
F18 Md. Unknown |
F17 Ky. Ran |
| Majority → | |||||||||
| F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 Conn. Ran |
F16 Ga. Retired |
| F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | ||||
Result of the November elections
| DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||||
| DR7 | DR8 | DR9 Ga. Gain |
DR10 Ky. Gain |
DR11 N.Y. Re-elected |
DR12 N.C. Hold |
DR13 Pa. Gain |
DR14 S.C. Gain |
V1 Md. F loss |
F17 Vt. Re-elected |
| Majority → | |||||||||
| F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 Conn. Re-elected |
F16 N.H. Gain |
| F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | ||||
Beginning of the 7th Congress, March 4, 1801
| DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||||
| DR7 | DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | F18 Md. Appointed |
F17 |
| Majority → | |||||||||
| F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 | F16 |
| F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | ||||
End of 1801
| DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||||
| DR7 | DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 Md. Gain |
DR14 Pa. Hold |
DR15 R.I. Gain |
DR16 S.C. Hold |
| Majority → | DR17 Vt. Gain | ||||||||
| F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 N.H. Hold | |
| F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | ||||
Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.
Special elections during the preceding Congress
In these special elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1801; ordered by election date.
More information State, Incumbent ...
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| New York (Class 1) |
James Watson | Federalist | 1798 (special) | Incumbent resigned March 19, 1800, to become Naval Officer of the Port of New York. New senator elected April 3, 1800. Federalist hold. |
|
| Massachusetts (Class 2) |
Samuel Dexter | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent resigned May 30, 1800 to become U.S. Secretary of War. New senator elected June 6, 1800. Federalist hold. |
|
| New York (Class 3) |
John Laurance | Federalist | 1796 (special) | Incumbent resigned August 1800. New senator elected November 6, 1800. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| Massachusetts (Class 1) |
Benjamin Goodhue | Federalist | 1796 (special) 1796 |
Incumbent resigned November 8, 1800. New senator elected November 14, 1800. Federalist hold. |
|
| Maryland (Class 3) |
James Lloyd | Federalist | 1797 (special) | Incumbent resigned December 1, 1800. New senator elected December 12, 1800. Federalist hold. |
|
| New Jersey (Class 1) |
James Schureman | Federalist | 1799 (special) | Incumbent resigned February 16, 1801. New senator elected February 28, 1801. Federalist hold. |
|
Close
Races leading to the next Congress
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1801; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
More information State, Incumbent ...
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Connecticut | Uriah Tracy | Federalist | 1796 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in May 1801. |
|
| Georgia | James Gunn | Federalist | 1789 1794 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected November 19, 1800. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| Kentucky | Humphrey Marshall | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected November 20, 1800. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| Maryland | William Hindman | Federalist | 1797 (special) | Legislature failed to elect. Incumbent was later appointed to begin the next term. |
None. |
| New Hampshire | John Langdon | Democratic- Republican |
1788 1794 or 1795 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected June 21, 1800. Federalist gain. |
|
| New York | John Armstrong | Democratic- Republican |
1800 (special) | Incumbent re-elected January 27, 1801. |
|
| North Carolina | Timothy Bloodworth | Democratic- Republican |
1795 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected November 27, 1800. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Pennsylvania | William Bingham | Federalist | 1795 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected February 18, 1801.[12] Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| South Carolina | Jacob Read | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1800 on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| Vermont | Elijah Paine | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected October 21, 1800. |
|
Close
Special elections during the next Congress
In these special elections, the winner was seated after March 4, 1801; ordered by election date.
More information State, Incumbent ...
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Rhode Island (Class 2) |
Ray Greene | Federalist | 1797 (special) 1798 |
Incumbent resigned March 5, 1801. New senator elected May 6, 1801. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| New Hampshire (Class 2) |
Samuel Livermore | Federalist | 1798 (special) | Incumbent resigned June 12, 1801. New senator elected June 17, 1801. Federalist hold. |
|
| Vermont (Class 3) |
Elijah Paine | Federalist | 1794 1800 |
Incumbent resigned September 1, 1801. New senator elected October 14, 1801. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| Maryland (Class 3) |
William Hindman | Federalist | 1800 (Appointed) | Incumbent appointee did not run to finish the term New senator elected November 12, 1801 on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| South Carolina (Class 2) |
Charles Pinckney | Democratic- Republican |
1798 (special) 1798 |
Incumbent resigned June 6, 1801. New senator elected December 3, 1801. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Pennsylvania (Class 3) |
Peter Muhlenberg | Democratic- Republican |
1801 | Incumbent resigned June 30, 1801. New senator elected December 17, 1801.[19] Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
Close
See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut and 1800 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut
Federalist Uriah Tracy was easily re-elected.
![[icon]](./File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2020) |
See also: List of United States senators from Georgia and 1800 United States House of Representatives election in Georgia
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2020) |
See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky and 1801 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2020) |
Maryland (special, 1800)
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022) |
Quick Facts 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly, Candidate ...
| ||||||||||||||||
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||
Close
William Hindman won election over Richard Tilghman Earle by a margin of 10.11%, or 9 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[20]
Maryland (regular)
The Maryland legislature failed to elect a senator before the March 4, 1801 beginning of the term. As such, William Hindman was appointed to fill the vacancy, and retired when a successor was elected.
Maryland (special, 1801)
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022) |
Quick Facts 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly, Candidate ...
| ||||||||||||||||
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||
Close
Robert Wright won election over William Winder by a margin of 39.53%, or 34 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[21]
See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts and 1800–1801 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
Massachusetts (special, class 2)
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2020) |
Massachusetts (special, class 1)
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2020) |
See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire and 1800 United States House of Representatives election in New Hampshire
New Hampshire (regular)
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2020) |
New Hampshire (special)
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2020) |
See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey and 1800 United States House of Representatives election in New Jersey
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2020) |
See also: List of United States senators from New York and 1800 United States House of Representatives elections in New York
New York (regular)
Main article: 1801 United States Senate election in New York
New York (special, class 1)
New York (special, class 3)
See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina and 1800 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2020) |
See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania and 1800 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania (regular)
Main article: 1801 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania (special)
See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island and 1800–1801 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2020) |
See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina and 1800 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
South Carolina (regular)
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2020) |
South Carolina (special)
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2020) |
See also: List of United States senators from Vermont and 1800 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont
Vermont (regular)
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2020) |
Vermont (special)
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2020) |
- "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
- "New York 1800 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 25, 2018., citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1800. 265. The Albany Centinel (Albany, NY). April 4, 1800. Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). April 10, 1800. The Centinel of Liberty, or George-town and Washington Advertiser (Georgetown, DC). April 15, 1800.
- "Massachusetts 1800 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 25, 2018., citing Hampshire Gazette (Northhampton). June 11, 1800. The Kentucky Gazette (Lexington, KY). July 3, 1800.
- "New York 1800 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 25, 2018., citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1800. 10, 11. Journal of the New York State Senate, 1800. 8. American Citizen and General Advertiser (New York, NY). November 10, 1800. The Centinel of Freedom (Newark, NJ). November 11, 1800. Columbian Museum and Savannah Advertiser (Savannah, GA). November 19, 1800. Universal Gazette (Washington, DC). November 20, 1800.
- "Maryland 1800 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 25, 2018., citing Votes and Proceedings of the Maryland State Senate, 1800. 26. Connecticut Gazette, and the Commercial Intelligencer (New London, CT). December 24, 1800. Mattern, David B., J. C. A. Stagg, Jeanne K. Cross and Susan Holbrook Perdue, ed. The Papers of James Madison, Congressional Series. Vol. 17. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 1991. 435–436.
- "Connecticut 1801 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 5, 2018., citing Connecticut Gazette, and the Commercial Intelligencer (New London, CT). May 17, 1801. Impartial Journal (Stonington, CT). June 2, 1801. The Bee (New London, CT). June 3, 1801. The Bee (Hudson, NY). November 16, 1802.
- "Georgia 1800 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 5, 2018., citing Columbian Museum and Savannah Advertiser (Savannah, GA). November 25, 1800.
- "Kentucky 1800 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 5, 2018., citing The Palladium: A Literary and Political Weekly Repository (Frankfort, KY). November 25, 1800.
- "New Hampshire 1800 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 5, 2018., citing The Ninth State: New Hampshire's Formative Years. 182.
- "New York 1801 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 5, 2018., citing The Albany Centinel (Albany, NY). January 30, 1801.
- "North Carolina 1800 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 5, 2018., citing Legislative Papers for 1800. Box 176. State Archives of North Carolina, Raleigh. Raleigh Register, and North-Carolina Weekly Advertiser (Raleigh, NC). December 2, 1800.
- "South Carolina 1800 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 5, 2018., citing National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser (Washington, DC). December 15, 1800.
- "Vermont 1800 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 4, 2018., citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1800. 265. The Albany Centinel (Albany, NY). April 4, 1800. Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). April 10, 1800. The Centinel of Liberty, or George-town and Washington Advertiser (Georgetown, DC). April 15, 1800.
- "New Hampshire 1801 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 5, 2018., citing Courier of New Hampshire (Concord, NH). June 18, 1801.
- "New Hampshire 1801 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 5, 2018., citing Spooner's Vermont Journal (Windsor, VT). October 20, 1801.
- "Maryland 1801 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 4, 2018., citing The Albany Gazette (Albany, NY). November 21, 1796.
- "South Carolina 1801 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 5, 2018., citing The Augusta Chronicle and Gazette of the State (Augusta, GA). December 12, 1801.
- "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 09, 1800". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
- "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Nov 12, 1801". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov