The 1806–07 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between April 29, 1806 (in New York) and August 4, 1807 (in Tennessee). Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 10th United States Congress convened on October 26, 1807. They occurred during Thomas Jefferson's second term. Elections were held for all 142 seats, representing 17 states.

Quick Facts All 142 seats in the United States House of Representatives 72 seats needed for a majority, Majority party ...

1806–07 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1804 & 1805 April 29, 1806 – August 4, 1807 1808 & 1809 →
All 142 seats in the United States House of Representatives 72 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Joseph Bradley Varnum Charles Goldsborough Party Democratic-Republican Federalist Leader's seat Massachusetts 4th Maryland 8th Last election 114 seats 28 seats Seats won 116 26 Seat change 2 2
'Results:      Federalist hold      Federalist gain      Democratic-Republican hold      Democratic-Republican gain      Dissident Republican hold      Dissident Republican Gain      Undistricted
Speaker before election Nathaniel Macon Democratic-Republican Elected Speaker Joseph Bradley Varnum Democratic-Republican

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The Democratic-Republicans continued to build on their huge supermajority. They were actually able to take over two more seats than they had in the previous Congress, which they controlled by a margin of better than three to one. Commitment to agrarian policy allowed the Democratic-Republicans to dominate rural districts, which represented the bulk of the nation. On the other hand, supporters of the Federalists, even in their traditional base of support in the urban centers of coastal New England, continued to lament the ineffectiveness of their party and its lack of electoral appeal.

There were special elections in 1806 and 1807 during the 9th United States Congress and 10th United States Congress.

Elections are sorted here by date then district.

Connecticut elected its members on September 15, 1806.

Delaware elected its member October 7, 1806.

Georgia elected its members October 6, 1806.

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Kentucky elected its members August 4, 1806.

Maryland elected its members October 6, 1806.

Massachusetts elected its members November 3, 1806.

See Non-voting delegates, below.

New Hampshire elected its members August 25, 1806.

New Jersey elected its members October 14–15, 1806. The Federalists ran a mixed ticket consisting of 2 Federalists (Aaron Ogden and John Beatty) and 4 Democratic-Republicans (William Helms, Ebenezer Elmer, George Maxwell, and Adam Boyd), one of whom (William Helms) was also on the Democratic-Republican ticket. The Federalists capitalized on resentment over the replacement on the official Democratic-Republican ticket of Ebenezer Elmer, from South Jersey, with Thomas Newbold from Monmouth County and the retention of James Sloan. This ticket was formed too late to gain sufficient support, but the Federalists did do much better in state elections that year than they had in previous elections.^[10]

New York elected representatives to the 10th Congress on April 29 – May 1, 1806. This was the second and last election in which Districts 2 and 3 were elected on a joint ticket. New York redistricted in the next election.

North Carolina elected its members August 15, 1806.

Ohio elected its member October 14, 1806. Both candidates were Democratic-Republicans, but from election articles published in The Scioto Gazette it was suggested that James Pritchard was the candidate of the Ohio Quids and that in a few counties, notably Columbiana and Jefferson, he was also supported by the Federalists.

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Pennsylvania elected its members October 14, 1806.

Rhode Island elected its members August 26, 1806. Rhode Island law required a majority of votes to win. In this election, only one candidate won a majority on the first ballot, and so a run-off election was required to choose the second seat.

South Carolina elected its members October 13–14, 1806.

Tennessee elected its members August 3–4, 1807, after the Congress began but before the first session met.

Vermont elected its members September 2, 1806.

Virginia elected its members in April 1807, after the Congress began but before the first session met.

As in the previous congress, there were three territories with non-voting delegates in the 10th Congress. In Indiana Territory, the legislature elected the delegate. The source used did not have information about Mississippi or Orleans Territory. Mississippi used popular election in 1808, while Orleans Territory elected its delegate by the legislature in 1808, suggesting Orleans probably used legislative election this year, too.

• 1806 United States elections
  • List of United States House of Representatives elections (1789–1822)
  • 1806–07 United States Senate elections
• 9th United States Congress
• 10th United States Congress