Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1901.

• British School at Rome established.

• KV44 at the Valley of the Kings, Egypt by Howard Carter and Donald P. Ryan.
• Excavations and renovations at Mitla conducted by Leopoldo Batres.
• Excavation of the Minoan town at Gournia by Harriet Boyd-Hawes and Blanche Wheeler Williams begins (continues to 1904).

• December: Code of Hammurabi at Susa.
• Ivory Bangle Lady in York, England, the skeleton and grave goods of a later fourth century high-status, possibly Christian, inhabitant of Eboracum, much later identified as of mixed race.^[1]
• Heracles of Antikythera in the Antikythera wreck, Greece.

• Edward Herbert Thompson buys the ruins of Chichen Itza for 75 United States dollars
• General Land Office special agent S. J. Holsinger recommends creating a national park to preserve archaeological sites in Chaco Canyon

• February 15 – André Parrot, French archaeologist of the Near East (d. 1980)^[2]
• July 17 – Theresa Goell, American archaeologist of the Near East (d. 1985)
• October 18 – A. Ledyard Smith, American archaeologist of the Americas (d. 1985)
• October 27 – Aage Roussell, Danish archaeologist of Greenland (d. 1972)
• Charles Green, English archaeologist (d. 1972)

• May 10 – Christian Maclagan, Scottish antiquary (b. 1811)