January–March

• 23 February – John McCurdy makes the first aeroplane flight in Canada in the AEA Silver Dart. He flies 2,640 feet (805 m) from the ice of Bras d'Or Lake at Baddeck on Cape Breton Island.
• 3 March – American aviators Glenn Curtiss, Augustus Moore Herring and Cortlandt Field Bishop announce plans to manufacture airplanes commercially in the United States.^[3] They found the Herring-Curtiss Company.

April–June

• 15 April – The first airport and flying school in Italy opens at Centocelle Airport in Rome. The opening coincides with a visit by Wilbur Wright, who gives a flight demonstration of a Wright airplane.
• 2 May – John Moore-Brabazon the first resident British citizen to make a recognised powered heavier-than-air flight in the United Kingdom, flying from The Aero Club's ground at Leysdown on the Isle of Sheppey in his Voisin biplane Bird of Passage.^[4]
• 7 May – The British Royal Navy awards a contract to build its first rigid airship to Vickers.
• 14 May – Samuel Cody makes an aeroplane flight in the United Kingdom longer than 1-mile (1.6 km) in British Army Aeroplane No. 1.
• 26 May – The Zeppelin LZ 5 sets an endurance record by completing a 712-mile (1,146 km) nonstop trip in 37 hours 39 minutes.^[5]
• 30 May – Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin pilots a Zeppelin on a 22-hour flight that covers 400 miles (644 km).^[6]
• 2 June – The United States Army orders its Signal Corps, which includes the Army's Aeronautic Corps as one of its divisions, to prepare plans for the air defense of the United States East Coast.^[7]
• 5 June – Alliott Verdon Roe begins flights in the first fixed-wing aircraft of all-British manufacture, the Roe I Triplane, from Walthamstow Marshes.
• 27 June – 17-year-old Eric Gordon England flies French-born painter José Weiss's tailless glider Olive from a launch ramp above Amberley, West Sussex, England in the first recorded soaring flight, origin of sport gliding.^[8][9]

July–September

• The International Exhibition of Aviation opens in Frankfurt-am-Main (now known as ILA and regularly held in Berlin).
• 3 July – Louis Blériot achieves a flight of over 26 miles (42 km) in just over 47 minutes.^[10]
• 12 July – Flying the Blériot XII, Louis Blériot makes the world's first airplane flight with two passengers, one of whom is Alberto Santos-Dumont.^[11]
• 19 July – Hubert Latham makes the first attempt to cross the English Channel. He flies 11.2 kilometres (7 mi) from Calais in an Antoinette IV monoplane before suffering engine failure and making history's first landing of an aircraft in the sea about halfway across.^[12] He becomes the first aviator to be rescued from the English Channel when French Navy destroyer Harpon picks him up.^[13]
• 20 July – Orville Wright sets a new United States airplane endurance record, remaining aloft for 1 hour 20 minutes 25 seconds.^[7]
• 25 July
  • Louis Blériot claims a £1,000 prize from the British Daily Mail newspaper for being the first pilot to cross the English Channel in an airplane. He makes the crossing in his Blériot Type XI, flying 21 miles (34 km) from Les Barraques near Calais to Northfall Meadow near Dover Castle in 37 minutes. Blériot also receives an additional £3,000 from the French government.^[10]
  • While Bleriot warms up his Blériot XI prior to his flight, a farm dog runs into the plane's propeller and is killed. It is the first terrestrial wildlife strike involving an aircraft ever recorded.^[14]
• 28 July – Harold Barnwell makes the first powered flight in Scotland, an 80-yard (75 m) hop at 4 m altitude in a canard biplane built with his brother Frank at Stirling, before crashing.^[15]
• 30 July
  • The Imperial Japanese Army, the Imperial Japanese Navy, and Tokyo Imperial University form the Provisional Military Balloon Research Society to investigate flying machines for Japanese use.^[16]
  • Orville Wright flies with passenger Lt. Benjamin Foulois at an average 42.58 miles per hour (68.53 km/h) mph over a measured round-trip course, successfully completing flight tests in the Wright Military Flyer for the U.S. Army at Fort Myer, Virginia. The Army buys the airplane for $30,000.

• 7 August – French aviator Roger Sommer sets a new world airplane endurance record, remaining aloft for 2 hours 27 minutes 15 seconds.^[17]
• 22–29 August – The Grande Semaine d'Aviation (the Rheims Aero meet) is held at Bétheny, near Rheims:
• 26 August – The Antoinette IV airplane sets a world distance record at Rheims, flying 154.6 km (96.1 mi) in 2 hours 17 minutes 21 seconds:^[12]
• 27 August – Henri Farman raises the airplane distance record to 180 km (110 mi).^[18]
• 28 August
  • At Rheims, Glenn Curtiss wins the first airplane race held for the Gordon Bennett Cup, flying 20 km (12.42 miles) in 15 minutes 50.6 seconds at an average speed of 47 mph (75.7 km/h), finishing 5.6 seconds ahead of Louis Blériot.^[17]
  • Louis Blériot sets a world speed record over a 10 km (6.2 mi) circuit at a speed of 76.95 km/h (47.81 mph).^[18]
• 29 August – 100,000 people gather at Tempelhof Field to witness the arrival at Berlin, Germany, of the Zeppelin LZ 3, with Hugo Eckener in command and Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin aboard. More than two million more people watch from rooftops.^[19]
• 2 September – Scarborough Beach Amusement Park in the Beaches neighborhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada hosts one of the first, if not the first, air shows in North America. The show features one plane, a Curtiss Golden Flyer piloted by Charles Willard, which on the first evening is forced to make an emergency landing in Lake Ontario after only a few seconds in the air.^[20][21]
• 7 September – Eugene Lefebvre is killed in the crash of an aeroplane when his controls jam at Juvisy France.
• 8 September – Samuel Cody flies from Aldershot to Farnborough and back (46 miles in 1 hour and 3 minutes), the first recorded cross-country flight in the United Kingdom.
• 22 September – Ferdinand Ferber is killed in taxying accident at Boulogne.^[22]
• 24 September – Wilbur Wright express his desire that foreign aircraft be prohibited from entering the United States.^[23]
• 25 September
  • The French government's third airship, the semi-rigid La République, collapses in flight after a broken propeller blade pierces her envelope and crashes near the Château of Avrilly, France, killing her entire crew of four.^[24]
  • The first National Aeronautic Show opens at Madison Square Garden in New York City.^[23]
• 26 September – The brothers Alexander and Anatol Renner fly an airship (which they have designed and built themselves) for the first time, making eight flights over the autumn fair at Graz. These are the first airship flights in Austria-Hungary.^[25]
• 29 September – Wilbur Wright begins flights as part of New York City's Hudson-Fulton Celebration.

October–December

• 2 October – Orville Wright sets a new world altitude record for airplanes, reaching an estimated 500 meters (1,640 feet) over Potsdam, Germany.^[26][27]
• 15–23 October – Britain's first Aviation Meeting held at Doncaster Racecourse.^[28]
• 22 October – Baroness Raymonde de Laroche flies in a fixed-wing aircraft. (See also September 1908).^[29]
• 26 October – Marie Marvingt pilots a balloon across the North Sea and the English Channel from Europe to England.
• 30 October – John Moore-Brabazon flies a circular mile in the Short Biplane No. 2 in the UK and wins £1,000 from the Daily Mail newspaper.
• The Austro-Hungarian Army's first airship, Militärluftschiff I (or M.I), makes its first flight. Among its passengers on the flight is Ferdinand Porsche.^[30][31]
• 3 November – Alec Ogilvie patents the first airspeed indicator.
• 4 November – John Moore-Brabazon makes the first live cargo flight by airplane when he puts a small pig in a waste-paper basket tied to a wing-strut of his airplane.
• 16 November – The first air transport company (or airline) in the world, the German Airship Travel Corporation (known by its German language acronym DELAG), is founded at Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany, flying Zeppelins.^[32]
• 20 November – Cerchez & Co., the first aircraft company, the first aerodrome and the first flight school in Romania is founded at Chitila by Mihail Cerchez.^[33]
• 5 December – George Taylor becomes the first person to fly a heavier-than-air craft in Australia, in a glider he designed. On the same day Florence Taylor becomes the first woman in Australia to fly a heavier-than-air craft, in the glider designed by her husband.
• 8 December – With Enea Bossi, Sr., at the controls, the first Italian-designed and -built airplane to fly takes to the air for the first time. Bossi, Giuseppe Bellanco, and Paolo Invernizzi had designed it.^[34][35][36]
• 31 December – Harry Ferguson becomes the first person to fly an aircraft in Ireland, when he takes off in a monoplane he had designed and built himself.

January

• 23 January – Blériot XI

May

• 21 May – Blériot XII

June

• 5 June – Roe I Triplane
• 28 June – Breguet Type I

August

• 17 August – Grade monoplane^[37]

December

• De Havilland Biplane No. 1 (crashes)

March

• Zeppelin LZ 3 into the German Army as the Z 1.

August

• 1 August – Wright Military Flyer into the US Army as Aeroplane No. 1