The following lists events that happened during 1910 in Australia.

• Monarch – Edward VII (until 6 May), then George V
• Governor-General – William Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley
• Prime Minister – Alfred Deakin (until 29 April), then Andrew Fisher
• Chief Justice – Samuel Griffith

• 21 March – Harry Houdini achieves one of the first powered flights in Australia.
• 13 April – A referendum is held into alteration of the Australian Constitution regarding state debt and surplus revenue. The state debt question was carried, the surplus revenue question was not.^[1]
• 6 May – Edward VII dies, his son George V becomes King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions.
• 16 September – The Australian Treasury is given authority to issue currency, replacing the use of the British Pound.
• 16 November – The Northern Territory Acceptance Act 1910 receives Royal Assent from the Governor-General, transferring the Northern Territory from the control of South Australia to the Commonwealth.^[2]
• 19 November – A cyclone strikes the town of Broome, Western Australia, killing 40 people and destroying 20 houses.^[3]
• 25 November – The Royal Australian Navy is created with the passing of the Australian Naval Defence Act by the Federal Parliament. The destroyers HMAS Parramatta and HMAS Yarra arrive in Australia.
• 8 December – Geelong, Victoria is declared a city.
• Founding of Employers Mutual Limited.

• Dethridge wheel developed – used to measure flow of irrigation water delivered to farms

• Henry Handel Richardson's novel The Getting of Wisdom published

• Comedy King wins the Melbourne Cup
• South Australia wins the Sheffield Shield
• The Great Britain rugby league team went on their first tour of Australasia and defeated Australia to win the Ashes.
• 17 September – The 1910 NSWRFL season culminates in a grand final between South Sydney and Newtown which is drawn 4 – 4. Newtown are crowned premiers by virtue of being minor premiers.

• 11 January – Shane Paltridge (died 1966), politician
• 28 January – Jim Willis (died 1995), botanist
• 7 April – Alec Downer (died 1981), politician
• 10 April – Bob Marshall (died 2004), billiards champion
• 17 April – Ivan Goff (died 1999), screenwriter
• 2 May – Laurie Nash (died 1986), cricketer and footballer
• 11 May – John Béchervaise (died 1998), Antarctic explorer
• 6 July – John Knott (died 1999), public servant
• 16 July – Stan McCabe (died 1968), cricketer
• 22 July – Alan Moorehead (died 1983), war correspondent
• 22 August – Kenneth McIntyre (died 2004), historian and mathematician
• 28 August – Kathleen Best (died 1957), first director of the Women's Royal Australian Army Corps
• 28 August – Tom Burke (died 1973), politician
• 24 September – Douglas Darby (died 1985), politician
• 1 October – José Enrique Moyal, Palestinian-born mathematical physicist (died 1998)
• 14 November - Ern Milliken (died 1992), cyclist

• 4 January – Sir Frederick Darley, 6th Chief Justice of New South Wales (born in Ireland and died in the United Kingdom) (b. 1830)
• 18 January – James Cuthbertson, poet and schoolteacher (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1851)
• 29 January – Sir Charles Todd, astronomer (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1826)
• 10 March – Sir Malcolm McEacharn, Victorian politician and shipping magnate (born in the United Kingdom and died in France) (b. 1852)
• 15 March – Thomas Skene, Victorian politician (b. 1845)
• 19 March – James Smith, journalist and encyclopedist (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1820)
• 3 April – Catherine Helen Spence, writer and suffragist (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1825)
• 25 April – Edward William O'Sullivan, New South Wales politician and journalist (b. 1846)
• 27 May – George Britton Halford, anatomist and physiologist (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1824)
• 25 June – Field Flowers Goe, Anglican bishop (born and died in the United Kingdom) (b. 1832)
• 7 July – Guglielmo Enrico Lardelli, composer (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1857)
• 20 July – Anderson Dawson, 14th Premier of Queensland (b. 1863)
• 13 August - Micky Dore, rugby league and rugby union footballer (b. 1883)
• 22 August – Joey Palmer, cricketer (b. 1859)
• 26 August – Thomas Petrie, explorer, prospector and grazier (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1831)
• 30 August – George Throssell, 2nd Premier of Western Australia (born in Ireland) (b. 1840)
• 23 September – Tup Scott, cricketer (b. 1858)
• 14 November – Charles Gregory, cricketer (b. 1878)

• List of Australian films of the 1910s