1918_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Idaho
The 1918 United States Senate elections were held throughout 1918,[lower-alpha 1] the midpoint of Woodrow Wilson's second term as president. This was the first election since the enactment of the Seventeenth Amendment that all 32 Class 2 Senators were subject to direct or popular election, making them the final class under the old system of being selected by state legislatures. Special elections were also held to fill vacancies.
Quick Facts 38 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate 49 seats needed for a majority, Majority party ...
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38 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate 49 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Results of the elections: Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican gain Republican hold No election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Republicans gained a slim 2-seat control after picking up a net 6 seats. This came after an April 1918 special election where they flipped a seat in Wisconsin.
Retirements
Three Republicans and one Democrat retired instead of seeking re-election. Two Republicans retired instead of seeking election to finish the unexpired terms, one Democrat retired instead of seeking election to a full term and two Democrats retired instead of seeking election to finish the unexpired terms.
More information State, Senator ...
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Defeats
Eight Democrats and one Republican sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election.
More information State, Senator ...
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Deaths
One Democrat died on October 21, 1917, and his seat remained vacant until an April 1918 election.
More information State, Senator ...
| State | Senator | Replaced by |
|---|---|---|
| Wisconsin | Paul O. Husting | Irvine Lenroot |
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Post-election changes
More information State, Senator ...
| State | Senator | Replaced by |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | John H. Bankhead | Braxton B. Comer |
| Ohio | Warren G. Harding | Frank B. Willis |
| Idaho | John F. Nugent | Frank R. Gooding |
| Virginia | Thomas S. Martin | Carter Glass |
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Before the elections
| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | ||
| D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 |
| D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 |
| D38 Kan. Ran |
D37 Ill. Ran |
D36 Idaho Ran |
D35 Ga. Ran |
D34 Del. Ran |
D33 Colo. Ran |
D32 Ark. Ran |
D31 Ala. Ran |
D30 | D29 |
| D39 La. (reg) Ran |
D40 La. (sp) Ran |
D41 Mo. (sp) Ran |
D42 Mont. Ran |
D43 Nev. (sp) Ran |
D44 N.H. (reg) Retired |
D45 N.C. Ran |
D46 Okla. Ran |
D47 S.C. (reg) & S.C. (sp) Ran |
D48 Tenn. Ran |
| Majority → | D49 Va. Ran | ||||||||
| R39 N.J. (sp) Ran N.J. (reg) Retired |
R40 N.M. Ran |
R41 Ore. (sp) Retired Ore. (reg) Ran |
R42 R.I. Ran |
R43 S.D. Ran |
R44 Texas Ran |
R45 W.Va. Retired |
D51 Wyo. Ran |
D50 Wis. Died | |
| R38 N.H. (sp) Retired |
R37 Neb. Ran |
R36 Miss. Ran |
R35 Minn. Ran |
R34 Mich. Retired |
R33 Mass. Ran |
R32 Me. Ran |
R31 Ky. Retired |
R30 Iowa Ran |
R29 Idaho (reg) Ran |
| R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 | R26 | R27 | R28 |
| R18 | R17 | R16 | R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 |
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | ||
Elections results
| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | ||
| D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 |
| D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 |
| D38 Mass. Gain |
D37 La. (sp) Hold |
D36 La. (reg) Re-elected |
D35 Ky. Hold |
D34 Idaho Elected[lower-alpha 3] |
D33 Ga. Hold |
D32 Ark. Re-elected |
D31 Ala. Re-elected |
D30 | D29 |
| D39 Miss. Hold |
D40 Mont. Re-elected |
D41 Nev. Elected[lower-alpha 3] |
D42 N.C. Re-elected |
D43 Okla. Re-elected |
D44 S.C. (reg) & S.C. (sp) Hold |
D45 Tenn. Re-elected |
D46 Texas Re-elected |
D47 Va. Re-elected |
R49 Wyo. Re-elected |
| Majority → | |||||||||
| R39 Neb. Re-elected |
R40 N.H. (reg) Gain |
R41 N.H. (sp) Hold |
R42 N.J. (sp) Elected N.J. (reg) Hold |
R43 N.M. Re-elected |
R44 Ore. (sp) Hold Ore. (reg) Elected[lower-alpha 3] |
R45 R.I. Re-elected |
R46 S.D. Re-elected |
R47 W.Va. Hold |
R48 Wis. Gain |
| R38 Mo. Gain |
R37 Minn. Re-elected |
R36 Mich. Hold |
R35 Me. Re-elected |
R34 Kan. Gain |
R33 Iowa Re-elected |
R32 Ill. Gain |
R31 Idaho (reg) Re-elected |
R30 Del. Gain |
R29 Colo. Gain |
| R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 | R26 | R27 | R28 |
| R18 | R17 | R16 | R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 |
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | ||
Special elections during the 65th Congress
In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1918 or before March 4, 1919; ordered by election date.
More information State, Incumbent ...
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Wisconsin (Class 3) |
Paul O. Husting | Democratic | 1914 | Incumbent died October 21, 1917. New senator elected April 2, 1918. Republican gain. |
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| Idaho (Class 3) |
John F. Nugent | Democratic | 1918 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected November 5, 1918. |
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| Louisiana (Class 3) |
Walter Guion | Democratic | 1918 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected November 5, 1918. Democratic hold. |
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| Missouri (Class 3) |
Xenophon P. Wilfley | Democratic | 1918 (Appointed) | Interim appointee lost nomination. New senator elected November 5, 1918. Republican gain. |
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| Nevada (Class 3) |
Charles Henderson | Democratic | 1918 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected November 5, 1918. |
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| New Hampshire (Class 3) |
Irving W. Drew | Republican | 1918 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected November 5, 1918. Republican hold. |
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| New Jersey (Class 2) |
David Baird | Republican | 1918 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected November 5, 1918. Interim appointee was not a candidate for the next term, see below. |
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| Oregon (Class 2) |
Charles L. McNary | Republican | 1917 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected November 5, 1918. Republican hold. Interim appointee was instead elected to the next term, see below. Mulkey took the seat but subsequently resigned so McNary could be re-appointed ahead of the term. |
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| South Carolina (Class 2) |
Christie Benet | Democratic | 1918 (Appointed) | Interim appointee lost renomination. New senator elected November 5, 1918. Democratic hold. Neither the interim appointee nor the winner were elected to the next term, see below. |
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Elections leading to the 66th Congress
In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1919; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
More information State, Incumbent ...
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Alabama | John H. Bankhead | Democratic | 1907 (Appointed) 1907 (special) 1911 (Early) |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Arkansas | Joseph T. Robinson | Democratic | 1913 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Colorado | John F. Shafroth | Democratic | 1913 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. |
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| Delaware | Willard Saulsbury Jr. | Democratic | 1913 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. |
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| Georgia | Thomas W. Hardwick | Democratic | 1914 (special) | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold. |
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| Idaho | William Borah | Republican | 1907 1913 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Illinois | J. Hamilton Lewis | Democratic | 1913 (Late) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. |
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| Iowa | William S. Kenyon | Republican | 1911 (special) 1913 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Kansas | William H. Thompson | Democratic | 1913 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. |
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| Kentucky | George B. Martin | Democratic | 1918 (Appointed) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold. |
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| Louisiana | Joseph E. Ransdell | Democratic | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Maine | Bert M. Fernald | Republican | 1916 (special) | Incumbent re-elected September 9, 1918. |
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| Massachusetts | John W. Weeks | Republican | 1913 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain. |
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| Michigan | William Alden Smith | Republican | 1911 1913 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. |
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| Minnesota | Knute Nelson | Republican | 1895 1901 1907 1913 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Mississippi | James K. Vardaman | Democratic | 1912 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. |
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| Montana | Thomas J. Walsh | Democratic | 1913 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Nebraska | George W. Norris | Republican | 1913 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| New Hampshire | Henry F. Hollis | Democratic | 1913 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican gain. |
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| New Jersey | David Baird | Republican | 1918 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. Interim appointee, however, was elected to finish the current term, see above. |
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| New Mexico | Albert B. Fall | Republican | 1912 (New state) 1912 (Invalidated) 1913 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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| North Carolina | F. M. Simmons | Democratic | 1901 1907 1913 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Oklahoma | Robert L. Owen | Democratic | 1907 (New state) 1913 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Oregon | Charles L. McNary | Republican | 1917 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected to the next term but not to finish the term. Winner subsequently appointed to begin next term early when winner of the special election, see above, resigned. |
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| Rhode Island | LeBaron B. Colt | Republican | 1913 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| South Carolina | Christie Benet | Democratic | 1918 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold. Neither the interim appointee nor the winner were elected to finish the current term, see above. |
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| South Dakota | Thomas Sterling | Republican | 1913 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Tennessee | John K. Shields | Democratic | 1913 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Texas | Morris Sheppard | Democratic | 1913 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Virginia | Thomas S. Martin | Democratic | 1893 (Early) 1899 (Early) 1906 1912 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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| West Virginia | Nathan Goff Jr. | Republican | 1913 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. |
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| Wyoming | Francis E. Warren | Republican | 1890 1893 (Lost) 1895 1901 1907 1913 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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Eighteen races had a margin of victory under 10%:
More information State, Party of winner ...
| State | Party of winner | Margin |
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| Idaho (special) | Democratic | 1.0% |
| New Hampshire (special) | Republican | 1.52%[lower-alpha 4] |
| Kentucky | Democratic | 1.54% |
| Colorado | Republican (flip) | 1.55% |
| Michigan | Republican | 1.72% |
| Delaware | Republican (flip) | 3.34% |
| Wisconsin (special) | Republican (flip) | 3.61% |
| New Mexico | Republican | 3.92% |
| New Jersey (special) | Republican | 4.53% |
| Massachusetts | Democratic (flip) | 4.6% |
| Montana | Democratic | 5.28% |
| Rhode Island | Republican | 5.52% |
| Illinois | Republican (flip) | 5.58% |
| Missouri (special) | Republican (flip) | 6.1% |
| New Hampshire | Republican (flip) | 7.08% |
| New Jersey | Republican | 7.11% |
| West Virginia | Republican | 8.13% |
| Nebraska | Republican | 9.03% |
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Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...
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More information Party, Candidate ...
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Democratic | John H. Bankhead (incumbent) | 54,880 | 100.00 | |
| Total votes | 54,880 | 100.00 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
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Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...
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More information Party, Candidate ...
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Democratic | Joseph T. Robinson (incumbent) | 78,377 | 100.00 | |
| Total votes | 78,377 | 100.00 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
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Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...
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County results Phipps: 40–50% 50–60% Shafroth: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% | |||||||||||||||||
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More information Party, Candidate ...
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Republican | Lawrence C. Phipps | 107,726 | 49.49 | |
| Democratic | John F. Shafroth (incumbent) | 104,347 | 47.94 | |
| Prohibition | P. A. Richardson | 5,606 | 2.58 | |
| Majority | 3,379 | 1.55 | ||
| Total votes | 217,679 | 100.00 | ||
| Republican gain from Democratic | ||||
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Idaho (regular)
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County results Borah: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Moore: 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||
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Idaho (special)
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County results Nugent: 50–60% 60–70% Gooding: 50–60% 60–70% | |||||||||||||||||
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Incumbent Democratic Senator John Frost Nugent defeated Republican nominee Frank Robert Gooding by a very narrow margin of 1.00% and by 970 votes. Upon his election, John Frost Nugent became the first Democrat ever to have been elected to the United States Senate in Idaho or from Idaho and the first non-Republican to win a United States Senate seat in Idaho or from Idaho since 1901 and the first non-Republican to win the Class 3 Senate seat in Idaho or from Idaho since 1897.
Main article: 1918 United States Senate election in Illinois
Quick Facts Nominee, Party ...
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Results by county McCormick: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% Lewis: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% | |||||||||||||||||
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More information Party, Candidate ...
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Republican | Medill McCormick | 479,983 | 50.50 | |
| Democratic | James Hamilton Lewis (incumbent) | 426,943 | 44.92 | |
| Socialist | William Bross Lloyd | 37,167 | 3.91 | |
| Socialist Labor | John M. Francis | 3,268 | 0.34 | |
| Prohibition | Frank B. Vennum | 3,151 | 0.33 | |
| Majority | 53,024 | 5.58 | ||
| Turnout | 950,496 | |||
| Republican gain from Democratic | ||||
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Main article: 1918 United States Senate election in Iowa
See also: List of United States senators from Iowa
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County results Stanley: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% Bruner: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% >90% | |||||||||||||||||
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Louisiana (regular)
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Louisiana (special)
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Main article: 1918 United States Senate election in Maine
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Main article: 1918 United States Senate election in Massachusetts
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County results Walsh: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% Weeks: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Main article: 1918 United States Senate election in Michigan
Quick Facts Turnout, Nominee ...
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| Turnout | 15.60% | ||||||||||||||||
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County Results Newberry: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Ford: 40-50% 50–60% 60–70% | |||||||||||||||||
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More information Party, Candidate ...
| Republican | Truman H. Newberry | 220,054 | 50.19% | ||
| Democratic | Henry Ford | 212,487 | 48.47% | ||
| Socialist | Edward O. Foss | 4,763 | 1.09% | ||
| Prohibition | William J. Faull | 1,133 | 0.26% | ||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Majority | 7,567 | 1.72 | |||
| Total votes | 438,437 | 100.00 | |||
| Republican hold | |||||
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County results Nelson: 50–60% 60–70% 70-80% Calderwood: 50-60% 60-70% | |||||||||||||||||
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Main article: 1918 United States Senate election in Minnesota
More information Party, Candidate ...
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Republican | Knute Nelson (incumbent) | 206,428 | 60.05 | |
| National | Willis Calderwood | 137,334 | 39.95 | |
| Majority | 69,094 | 20.10 | ||
| Total votes | 343,762 | 100.00 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
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Main article: 1918 United States Senate election in Mississippi
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County results Harrison: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% Vardaman: 40–50% 50–60% 60-70% 70-80% Noel: 50-60% | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Main article: 1918 United States Senate special election in Missouri
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County results Spencer: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% Folk: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% | |||||||||||||||||
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Main article: 1918 United States Senate election in Montana
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Results by county Henderson: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% Roberts: 40–50% 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||||||
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New Hampshire (regular)
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New Hampshire (special)
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New Jersey (regular)
Main article: 1918 United States Senate election in New Jersey
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New Jersey (special)
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Main article: 1918 United States Senate election in Oklahoma
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Oregon (regular)
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Oregon (special)
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South Carolina (regular)
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Main article: 1918 United States Senate election in South Carolina
More information Party, Candidate ...
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Democratic | Nathaniel B. Dial | 65,064 | 58.70 | |
| Democratic | Cole L. Blease | 40,456 | 36.50 | |
| Democratic | James F. Rice | 5,317 | 4.80 | |
| Majority | 24,608 | 22.20 | ||
| Total votes | 110,837 | 100.00 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
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South Carolina (special)
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More information Party, Candidate ...
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Democratic | William P. Pollock | 38,816 | 34.91 | |
| Democratic | Thomas H. Peeples | 37,567 | 33.79 | |
| Democratic | Christie Benet (incumbent) | 34,807 | 31.30 | |
| Total votes | 111,190 | 100.00 | ||
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More information Party, Candidate ...
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | William P. Pollock | 49,920 | 62.43 | |
| Democratic | Thomas H. Peeples | 30,044 | 37.57 | |
| Majority | 19,876 | 24.86 | ||
| Total votes | 79,964 | 100.00 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
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Main article: 1918 United States Senate election in South Dakota
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County results Sterling: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Rinehart: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% No Vote: | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Main article: 1918 United States Senate election in Tennessee
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More information Party, Candidate ...
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | John K. Shields (incumbent) | 98,605 | 62.17% | |
| Republican | Henry Clay Evans | 59,989 | 37.83% | |
| Total votes | 158,594 | 100.00% | ||
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Main article: 1918 United States Senate election in Texas
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Results by county Lenroot: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% Davies: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% Berger: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||||||
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See also: List of United States senators from Wisconsin and 1918 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin
More information Party, Candidate ...
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Republican | Irvine Lenroot | 163,983 | 38.73 | |
| Democratic | Joseph E. Davies | 148,923 | 35.12 | |
| Socialist | Victor L. Berger | 110,487 | 26.09 | |
| Prohibition | Anthony J. Benjamin | 233 | 0.06 | |
| Write-in | Scattering | 371 | 0.06 | |
| Majority | 15,060 | 3.61 | ||
| Total votes | 423,997 | 100.00 | ||
| Republican gain from Democratic | ||||
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- There was a general election September 9, 1918, in Maine, and special elections in April and November 1918.
- New Hampshire (special) was the "tipping-point state".
- The Wisconsin Blue Book. 1919. Madison: Democrat Printing Co. 1919. p. 46.
- Kalb, Deborah, ed. (2010). Guide to U.S. Elections. Washington, DC: CQ Press. ISBN 978-1-60426-536-1.
- Dubin, Michael J. (1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results. Jefferson: McFarland & Company. ISBN 0-7864-0283-0.
- 1919 Official Directory of Wyoming and Election Returns For 1918. Wyoming official directory and election returns. W. E. Chaplin, Wyoming Secretary of State. pp. 36–37. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
- "Our Campaigns - TN US Senate Race - Nov 05, 1918". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
- Howard, George F. (1919). Supplemental Biennial Report of the Secretary of State. Austin, Texas: A. C. Baldwin & Stone Printers. pp. 27–28.