The following lists events that happened during 1949 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

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← 1948 1947 1946 1949 in the Soviet Union → 1950 1951 1952
Decades:	1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s
See also:	History of the Soviet Union List of years in the Soviet Union

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• General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin
• Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union – Nikolay Shvernik
• Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin

• 29 January – Evgeny Lovchev, footballer
• 25 February – Viktor Klimenko, Olympic gymnast
• 26 February – Viktor Ulyanich, boxer
• 17 March – Pavel Palazhchenko, interpreter
• 12 June – Yuri Baturin, cosmonaut
• 3 July – Aleksandr Salnikov, basketball player
• 3 August – Valeri Vasiliev, hockey player
• 18 September – Gennady Komnatov, cyclist
• 23 September – Elena Guskova, historian
• 2 October – Alexander Aksinin, painter
• 28 October – Volodymyr Onyshchenko, footballer
• 21 November
  • Elena Mikhailovskaya, female draughts player
  • Anatoliy Kuksov, footballer
• 23 November – Viktor Poganovsky, Olympic equestrian

• 1949 in fine arts of the Soviet Union
• List of Soviet films of 1949