The following lists events that happened during 1952 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

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← 1951 1950 1949 1952 in the Soviet Union → 1953 1954 1955
Decades:	1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s
See also:	History of the Soviet Union List of years in the Soviet Union

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• General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin (until 16 October)
• Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union – Nikolay Shvernik
• Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin

• Mingrelian Affair
• Doctors' plot: A group of prominent Moscow doctors, mostly Jewish, is falsely accused of conspiring to assassinate Soviet leaders.

• 1 January – Jury Zacharanka, Belarusian politician
• 15 February – Nikolai Sorokin, actor
• 23 March – Antonina Dvoryanets, hydraulic engineer and political activist^[1]
• 3 May – Leonid Khachiyan, mathematician
• 14 June – Robert Lepikson, Estonian racing driver and politician, Estonian Minister of the Interior (d. 2006)
• 20 August – Sergey Chemezov, CEO of Rostec
• 12 September – Sergey Karaganov, political scientist
• 7 October – Vladimir Putin, President of Russia

• 9 March – Alexandra Kollontai, Bolshevik
• 15 March – Mikhail Doller, film director

• 1952 in fine arts of the Soviet Union
• List of Soviet films of 1952