Parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 24 June 1956.^[1] The Independence Party remained the largest party in the Lower House of the Althing, winning 13 of the 35 seats.^[2]

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1956 Icelandic parliamentary election

← 1953 24 June 1956 June 1959 →
All 35 seats in the Lower House and 17 seats in the Upper House of Althing
Turnout	92.07%
Party Leader % Seats +/– Upper House Independence Ólafur Thors 42.37 6 −1 People's Alliance Hannibal Valdimarsson 19.18 3 New Social Democratic Haraldur Guðmundsson 18.33 2 0 Progressive Hermann Jónasson 15.63 6 0 Lower House Independence Ólafur Thors 42.37 13 −1 People's Alliance Hannibal Valdimarsson 19.18 5 New Social Democratic Haraldur Guðmundsson 18.33 6 +2 Progressive Hermann Jónasson 15.63 11 +1 This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. Prime Minister before Prime Minister after Ólafur Thors Independence Hermann Jónasson Progressive

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The elections were conducted under rural–urban proportional representation. Twenty-one members were elected in single-member constituencies via first-past-the-post voting, while the remainder were elected using D'Hondt method proportional representation: twelve members in two-member constituencies, eight members in Reykjavík, and eleven from a single national compensatory list. To earn national list seats, a party had to win at least one constituency seat. In constituencies electing two or more members, within the party list, voters had the option to re-rank the candidates and could also strike a candidate out. Allocation of seats to candidates was done using a system based on the Borda count.^[3]