The 2005 Schleswig-Holstein state election was held on 20 February 2005 to elect the members of the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein. The incumbent coalition government of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and The Greens led by Minister-President Heide Simonis was defeated, bringing an end to 17 years of SPD governments in the state.

Quick Facts All 69 seats of the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein 35 seats needed for a majority, Turnout ...

2005 Schleswig-Holstein state election

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All 69 seats of the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein 35 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	1,434,805 (66.5%) 3.0%
First party Second party Third party   Leader Peter Harry Carstensen Heide Simonis Wolfgang Kubicki Party CDU SPD FDP Last election 33 seats, 35.2% 41 seats, 43.1% 7 seats, 7.6% Seats won 30 29 4 Seat change 3 12 3 Popular vote 576,095 554,879 94,935 Percentage 40.2% 38.7% 6.6% Swing 5.0% 4.4% 1.0%   Fourth party Fifth party   Leader Anne Lütkes Anke Spoorendonk Party Greens SSW Last election 5 seats, 6.2% 3 seats, 4.1% Seats won 4 2 Seat change 1 1 Popular vote 89,387 51,920 Percentage 6.2% 3.6% Swing 0.0% 0.5%
Results for the single-member constituencies
Minister-President before election Heide Simonis SPD Elected Minister-President Peter Harry Carstensen CDU

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The result was a deadlock, with the right-wing parties (CDU and FDP) being one seat short of majority and the left-wing parties (SPD and the Greens) two seats short, with SSW thus holding the balance of power.

After a failed attempt to invest a minority SPD–Green government supported by the South Schleswig Voters' Association (SSW), the SPD agreed to join a grand coalition with the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). CDU leader Peter Harry Carstensen was subsequently elected Minister-President.

Surveys before the election indicated that most voters considered high unemployment in Germany and Schleswig-Holstein to be the key issue of the campaign. Pre-election polls indicated that the personal popularity of Heide Simonis was still high, though, and that the SPD–Green coalition had the support of a plurality of voters. However, the unpopularity of the federal SPD and the Hartz IV reforms appeared to have taken a toll.

The table below lists parties represented in the previous Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein.

After the election, the SPD–Green coalition no longer commanded a majority of the Landtag. The SSW announced that although it would not enter a coalition, it saw more common ground with the SPD than the CDU. Minister-President Simonis proceeded to form an SPD–Green coalition based on an agreement with the SSW backing it.

On 17 March, the vote to invest the government failed, with the secret ballot tying 34–34. It is not known who abstained, though it is widely believed to have been a representative of the SPD. Since the coalition had failed, the SPD was forced to negotiate a grand coalition agreement with the CDU, capitulating to the CDU's demand that CDU leader Peter Harry Carstensen replace Simonis as Minister-President.