2008_in_paleontology

2008 in paleontology

2008 in paleontology

Overview of the events of 2008 in paleontology


Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2008.

Quick Facts List of years in paleontology (table) ...
Important finds in 2008

Protozoa

New taxa

More information Name, Novelty ...

Plants

Angiosperms

More information Name, Novelty ...

Monocots

More information Name, Novelty ...

Arthropoda

Arachnomorphs

More information Name, Novelty ...

Crustaceans

Research

Insects

More information Name, Novelty ...

Xiphosurans

More information Name, Novelty ...

Fishes

Bony fish

More information Name, Novelty ...

Cartilaginous fish

More information Name, Novelty ...

Placoderms

More information Name, Novelty ...

General research

  • Hilton & Grande redescribe the fossil mooneyes of western North America synonymizing the genus Eohiodon with Hiodon.[23]
  • Cicimurri, Paris, & Everhart describe a partial dentition from a Holocephali chimaeroid fish found in the Niobrara Chalk.[28]

Amphibians

Jenkins, F. A., jr, Shubin, N. H., Gatesy, S. M., and Warren, A., 2008, Gerrothorax pulcherrimus from the Upper Triassic Fleming Fjord Formation of East Greenland and a reassessment of head lifting in temnospondyl feeding: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 28, n. 4, p. 935-950.

Newly named amphibians

More information Name, Status ...

Archosaurs

Newly named pseudosuchians

More information Name, Novelty ...

Newly named pterosaurs

More information Name, Status ...

Dinosaurs

  • Oviraptorosaurian eggs with embryonic skeletons are discovered for the first time in China.[43]
  • Mongolian Late Jurassic theropod fossils are found for the first time.[44]
  • A new study on morphological variation in shed theropod teeth from the Mil River Formation is published.[45]

Newly named dinosaurs

28 new dinosaur genera were erected in 2008. Data courtesy of George Olshevky's dinosaur genera list.[46]

More information Name, Status ...

Newly named birds

More information Name, Novelty ...

Other publications

  • Hutchinson, J.R., Miller, C., Fritsch, G., and Hildebrandt, T. 2008. The anatomical foundation for multidisciplinary studies of animal limb function: examples from dinosaur and elephant limb imaging studies; pp. 23–38 in Endo, H. and Frey, R. (eds.), Anatomical Imaging: Towards a New Morphology. Springer Verlag, Tokyo.
  • Witmer, L.M., Ridgely, R.C., Dufeau, D.L., and Semones, M.C. 2008. Using CR to peer into the past: 3D visualization of the brain and ear regions of birds, crocodiles, and nonavian dinosaurs; pp. 67–88 in Endo, H. and Frey, R. (eds.), Anatomical Imaging: Towards a New Morphology. Springer Verlag, Tokyo.

Turtles

Newly named turtles

More information Currently valid turtle genera named in 2008, Name ...

Squamates

new taxa

More information Name, Novelty ...

New papers

  • Everhart, M.J. (2008). "A bitten skull of Tylosaurus kansasensis (Squamata: Mosasauridae) and a review of mosasaur-on-mosasaur pathology in the fossil record". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 111 (3/4): 251–262. doi:10.1660/0022-8443-111.3.251. S2CID 85647383.
  • Everhart, M.J. 2008. The mosasaurs of George F. Sternberg, paleontologist and fossil photographer. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 37–46.
  • Polcyn, M.J. and Everhart, M.J. 2008. Description and phylogenetic analysis of a new species of Selmasaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 13–28.
  • Polcyn, M.J., Bell, G.L., Jr., Shimada, K. and Everhart, M.J. 2008. The oldest North American mosasaurs (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Kansas and Texas with comments on the radiation of major mosasaur clades. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 137–155.
  • Everhart, M.J. 2008. Rare occurrence of a Globidens sp. (Reptilia; Mosasauridae) dentary in the Sharon Springs Member of the Pierre Shale (Middle Campanian) of Western Kansas. p. 23-29 in Farley G. H. and Choate, J.R. (eds.), Unlocking the Unknown; Papers Honoring Dr. Richard Zakrzewski, Fort Hays Studies, Special Issue No. 2, 153 p., Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS.

Sauropterygians

New taxa

More information Name, Status ...

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

More information Name, Status ...

Mammal

More information Newly named mammals, Name ...

[129]


Footnotes

Complete author list

As science becomes more collaborative, papers with large numbers of authors are becoming more common. To prevent the deformation of the tables, these footnotes list the contributors to papers that erect new genera and have many authors.

  1. Novas, Pol, Canale, Porfiri, Calvo.
  2. You, Li, Zhou, Ji.
  3. Lü, Azuma, Chen, Zheng, Jin.
  4. Lü, Li, Zhong, Ji, Li.
  5. Zhang, Zhou, Xu, Wang, Sullivan.
  6. Maidment, Norman, Barrett, Upchurch.
  7. Carpenter, Bartlett, Bird, Barrick.
  8. Mo, Huang, Zhao, Wang, Xu.
  9. Godefroit, Hai, Yu, Lauters.

References

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  2. Manchester, S.; Pigg, K. (2008). "The Eocene mystery flower of McAbee, British Columbia". Botany. 86 (9): 1034–1038. doi:10.1139/B08-044.
  3. Mohr, B.A.R.; Bernardes-de-Oliveira, M.E.C.; Taylor, D.W. (2008). "Pluricarpellatia, a nymphaealean angiosperm from the Lower Cretaceous of northern Gondwana (Crato Formation, Brazil)". Taxon. 57 (4): 1147–1158. doi:10.1002/tax.574009.
  4. Herrera, F.A.; Jaramillo, C.A.; Dilcher, D.L.; Wing, S.L.; Gómez-N, C. (2007). "Fossil Araceae from a Paleocene neotropical rainforest in Colombia". American Journal of Botany. 95 (12): 1569–1583. doi:10.3732/ajb.0800172. PMID 21628164. S2CID 207654872.
  5. Briggs, Derek E. G.; Lieberman, Bruce S.; Hendricks, Jonathan R.; Halgedahl, Susan L.; Jarrard, Richard D. (2008). "Middle Cambrian arthropods from Utah". Journal of Paleontology. 82 (2): 238. Bibcode:2008JPal...82..238B. doi:10.1666/06-086.1. ISSN 0022-3360. S2CID 31568651.
  6. Poinar, G. O. Jr (2008). "Palaeosiro burmanicum n. gen., n. sp., a fossil Cyphophthalmi (Arachnida: Opiliones: Sironidae) in early Cretaceous Burmese amber". Advances in Arachnology and Developmental Biology. Papers dedicated to Prof. Dr. Božidar Ćurčić. 12: 267–274.
  7. Schram, Frederick R. (2008). "An Adjustment to the Higher Taxonomy of the Fossil Stomatopoda". Crustaceana. 81 (6): 751–754. ISSN 0011-216X.
  8. Dlussky, G. M. (2008). "Ants of the tribe Formicini (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene amber of Europe". Paleontological Journal. 42 (5): 500–513. Bibcode:2008PalJ...42..500D. doi:10.1134/S0031030108050055. S2CID 84151414.
  9. Dlussky, G. M. (2008). "New species of ants of the genus Dolichoderus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Late Eocene ambers of Europe". Vestnik Zoologii. 42 (6): 497–514.
  10. Azar, D.; Nel, A. (2008). "First Baltic amber megapodagrionid damselfly (Odonata: Zygoptera)". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. New Series. 44 (4): 451–457. doi:10.1080/00379271.2008.10697580. S2CID 86072971.  via Taylor & Francis (subscription required)
  11. Perrichot, V.; Nel, A. (2008). "Eocene bethylid wasps from French amber (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 248: 91–101. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2008/0248-0091.
  12. Perrichot, V.; Nel, A.; Néraudeau, D.; Lacau, S.; Guyot, T. (2008). "New fossil ants in French Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" (PDF). Naturwissenschaften. 95 (2): 91–97. Bibcode:2008NW.....95...91P. doi:10.1007/s00114-007-0302-7. PMID 17828384. S2CID 19130572. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-25.
  13. Norman F. Johnson; Luciana Musetti; Lubomír Masner (2008). "The Cretaceous scelionid genus Proteroscelio Brues (Hymenoptera, Platygastroidea)" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3603): 1–7. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2008)3603[1:TCSGPB]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5907. S2CID 67766290.
  14. Ren, D.; Nel, A.; Prokop, J. (2008). "New early griffenfly, Sinomeganeura huangheensis from the Late Carboniferous of northern China (Meganisoptera: Meganeuridae)" (PDF). Insect Systematics & Evolution. 38 (2): 223–229. doi:10.1163/187631208788784075. ISSN 1399-560X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-24.
  15. Grimaldi, D.; Engel, M. S. (2008). "A termite bug in Early Miocene amber of the Dominican Republic (Hemiptera: Termitaphididae)" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3619): 1–10. doi:10.1206/610.1. hdl:2246/5921. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-03.
  16. John A. Long; Brian Choo; Gavin C. Young (2008). "A new basal actinopterygian fish from the Middle Devonian Aztec Siltstone of Antarctica". Antarctic Science. 20 (4): 393–412. Bibcode:2008AntSc..20..393L. doi:10.1017/S0954102008001144. S2CID 130818552.
  17. Gary T. Takeuchi; Richard W. Huddleston (2008). "Genyonemus whistleri new species, a late Miocene sciaenid fish from California". In Xiaoming Wang; Lawrence G. Barnes (eds.). Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of Western and Southern North America. Contributions in Honor of David P. Whistler. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. pp. 279–291. ISBN 978-1-891276-27-9.
  18. Hilton, E. J.; Grande, L. (2008). "Fossil Mooneyes (Teleostei: Hiodontiformes, Hiodontidae) from the Eocene of western North America, with a reassessment of their taxonomy". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 295 (1): 221–251. Bibcode:2008GSLSP.295..221H. doi:10.1144/sp295.13. S2CID 128680041.
  19. Long, J. A.; Trinajstic, K.; Young, G. C.; Senden, T. (2008). "Live birth in the Devonian period". Nature. 453 (7195): 650–652. Bibcode:2008Natur.453..650L. doi:10.1038/nature06966. PMID 18509443. S2CID 205213348.
  20. Cicimurri D. J.; Parris D. C.; Everhart M. J. (2008). "Partial dentition of a chimaeroid fish (Chondrichthyes, Holocephali) from the Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Chalk of Kansas, USA". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (1): 34–40. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[34:PDOACF]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 131522906.
  21. Anderson J.S.; Reisz, RR; Scott D.; Fröbisch N.B.; Sumida S.S. (2008). "A stem batrachian from the Early Permian of Texas and the origin of frogs and salamanders". Nature. 453 (7194): 515–518. Bibcode:2008Natur.453..515A. doi:10.1038/nature06865. PMID 18497824. S2CID 205212809.
  22. Jean-Claude Rage; Didier B. Dutheil (2008). "Amphibians and squamates from the Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Morocco. A preliminary study, with description of a new genus of pipid frog". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 285 (1–3): 1–22. Bibcode:2008PalAA.285....1R. doi:10.1127/pala/285/2008/1. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2014-08-28.
  23. Marco Brandalise de Andrade; Mark T. Young; Julia B. Desojo; Stephen L. Brusatte (2010). "The evolution of extreme hypercarnivory in Metriorhynchidae (Mesoeucrocodylia: Thalattosuchia) based on evidence from microscopic denticle morphology". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (5): 1451–1465. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30.1451D. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.501442. hdl:11336/69039. S2CID 83985855.
  24. Douglas Riff; Orangel A. Aguilera (2008). "The world's largest gharials Gryposuchus: description of G. croizati n. sp. (Crocodylia, Gavialidae) from the Upper Miocene Urumaco Formation, Venezuela". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 82 (2): 178–195. doi:10.1007/BF02988408. S2CID 85172486.
  25. José Antonio Barbosa; Alexander Wilhelm Armin Kellner; Maria Somália Sales Viana (2008). "New dyrosaurid crocodylomorph and evidences for faunal turnover at the K–P transition in Brazil". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 275 (1641): 1385–1391. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0110. PMC 2602706. PMID 18364311.
  26. Stéphane Jouve; Nathalie Bardet; Nour-Eddine Jalil; Xabier Pereda Suberbiola; Baâdi Bouya; Mbarek Amaghzaz (2008). "The oldest African crocodylian: phylogeny, paleobiogeography, and differential survivorship of marine reptiles through the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (2): 409–421. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[409:TOACPP]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 20490959. S2CID 86503283.
  27. Karin Peyer; Joseph G. Carter; Hans-Dieter Sues; Stephanie E. Novak; Paul E. Olsen (2008). "A new suchian archosaur from the Upper Triassic of North Carolina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (2): 363–381. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[363:ANSAFT]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 20490957. S2CID 274086.
  28. William G. Parker; Michelle R. Stocker; Randall B. Irmis (2008). "A new desmatosuchine aetosaur (Archosauria: Suchia) from the Upper Triassic Tecovas Formation (Dockum Group) of Texas". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (3): 692–701. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[692:ANDAAS]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 20490996. S2CID 84455880.
  29. Marco Brandalise de Andrade; Reinaldo J. Bertini (2008). "A new Sphagesaurus (Mesoeucrocodylia: Notosuchia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Monte Alto City (Bauru Group, Brazil), and a revision of the Sphagesauridae". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 20 (2): 101–136. Bibcode:2008HBio...20..101B. doi:10.1080/08912960701642949. S2CID 84879725.
  30. Fabiano Vidoi Iori; Thiago da Silva Marinho; Ismar de Souza Carvalho; Antonio Celso de Arruda Campos (2013). "Taxonomic reappraisal of the sphagesaurid crocodyliform Sphagesaurus montealtensis from the Late Cretaceous Adamantina Formation of São Paulo State, Brazil". Zootaxa. 3686 (2): 183–200. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3686.2.4. PMID 26473214.
  31. Agustín G. Martinelli; Diego F. Pais (2008). "A new baurusuchid crocodyliform (Archosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia (Argentina)". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 7 (6): 371–381. Bibcode:2008CRPal...7..371M. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2008.05.002.
  32. Cheng, Y.-N.; Ji, Q.; Wu, X.-C.; Shan, H.-Y. (2008). "Oviraptorosaurian eggs (Dinosauria) with embryonic skeletons discovered for the first time in China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 82 (6): 1089–1094. Bibcode:2008AcGlS..82.1089Y. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2008.tb00708.x. S2CID 140202077.
  33. Watabe, M.; Tsogtbaatar, K.; Barsbold, R. (2008). "First discovery of a theropod (Dinosauria) from the Upper Jurassic in Mongolia and its stratigraphy". Paleontological Research. 12 (1): 27–36. doi:10.2517/1342-8144(2008)12[27:FDOATD]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 129914219.
  34. Larson, D.W. (2008). "Diversity and variation of theropod dinosaur teeth from the uppermost Santonian Milk River Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Alberta: a quantitative method supporting identification of the oldest dinosaur tooth assemblage in Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 45 (12): 1455–1468. Bibcode:2008CaJES..45.1455L. doi:10.1139/E08-070.
  35. Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  36. Novas, Fernando E.; Diego Pol; Juan I. Canale; Juan D. Porfiri; Jorge O. Calvo (2008-12-16). "A bizarre Cretaceous theropod dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of Gondwanan dromaeosaurids". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 276 (1659): 1101–7. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1554. PMC 2679073. PMID 19129109.
  37. You, H.-L.; Li, D.-Q.; Zhou, L.-Q.; Ji, Q (2008). "Daxiatitan binglingi: a giant sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China". Gansu Geology. 17 (4): 1–10.
  38. Mateus, O (2008). "Two ornithischian dinosaurs renamed: Microceratops Bohlin 1953 and Diceratops Lull 1905". Journal of Paleontology. 82 (2): 423. doi:10.1666/07-069.1. S2CID 86021954.
  39. Lü Junchang; Yoichi Azuma; Chen Rongjun; Zheng Wenjie; Jin Xingsheng (2008). "A new titanosauriform sauropod from the early Late Cretaceous of Dongyang, Zhejiang Province". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 82 (2): 225–235. Bibcode:2008AcGlS..82..225L. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2008.tb00572.x. S2CID 130758135.
  40. Lü Junchang; Li Tianguang; Zhong Shimin; Ji Qiang; Li Shaoxue (2008). "A new mamenchisaurid dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Yuanmou, Yunnan Province, China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 82 (1): 17–26. Bibcode:2008AcGlS..82...17L. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2008.tb00320.x. S2CID 128454888.
  41. Fucheng Zhang; Zhonghe Zhou; Xing Xu; Xiaolin Wang; Corwin Sullivan (23 October 2008). "A bizarre Jurassic maniraptoran from China with elongate ribbon-like feathers". Nature. 455 (7216): 1105–1108. Bibcode:2008Natur.455.1105Z. doi:10.1038/nature07447. PMID 18948955. S2CID 4362560.
  42. Alifanov, V.R. (2008). "The tiny horned dinosaur Gobiceratops minutus gen. et sp. nov. (Bagaceratopidae, Neoceratopsia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia". Paleontological Journal. 42 (6): 621–633. Bibcode:2008PalJ...42..621A. doi:10.1134/S0031030108060087. S2CID 129893753.
  43. Maidment, Susannah C.R.; Norman, David B.; Barrett, Paul M.; Upchurch, Paul (2008). "Systematics and phylogeny of Stegosauria (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 6 (4): 367–407. Bibcode:2008JSPal...6..367M. doi:10.1017/S1477201908002459. S2CID 85673680.
  44. Novas, F.E.; Ezcurra, M.D.; Lecuona, A. (2008). "Orkoraptor burkei nov. gen. et sp., a large theropod from the Maastrichtian Pari Aike Formation, Southern Patagonia, Argentina". Cretaceous Research. 29 (3): 468–480. Bibcode:2008CrRes..29..468N. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2008.01.001.
  45. Carpenter, Kenneth; Bartlett, Jeff; Bird, John; Barrick, Reese (2008). "Ankylosaurs from the Price River Quarries, Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), East-Central Utah". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (4): 1089–1101. Bibcode:2008JVPal..28.1089C. doi:10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1089. S2CID 129480044.
  46. Filippi, L.S.; Garrido, A.C. (2008). "Pitekunsaurus macayai gen. et sp. nov., new titanosaur (Saurischia, Sauropoda) from Upper Cretaceous Neuquén Basin, Argentina". Ameghiniana. 45 (3): 575–590.
  47. Mo Jin-You; Huang Chuo-Lin; Zhao Zhong-Ru; Wang Wei; Xu Xing (2008). "A new titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Guangxi, China" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 46 (2): 147–156. doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.2008.02.006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-16. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
  48. Godefroit, Pascal; Hai Shulin; Yu Tingxiang; Lauters, Pascaline (2008). "New hadrosaurid dinosaurs from the uppermost Cretaceous of north−eastern China" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 53 (1): 47–74. doi:10.4202/app.2008.0103. S2CID 15853629.
  49. He Tao; Wang Xiao-Lin; Zhou Zhong-He (2008). "A new genus and species of caudipterid dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of western Liaoning, China" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 46 (3): 178–189. doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.2008.03.003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
  50. Canudo, José I.; Royo-Torres, Rafael; Cuenca-Bescós, Gloria (2008). "A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (3): 712–731. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[712:ANSTSG]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 85860510.
  51. Storrs L. Olson (2008). "A New Genus and Species of Buteonine Hawk from Quaternary Deposits in Bermuda (Aves: Accipitridae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 121 (1): 130–141. doi:10.2988/07-27.1. S2CID 55702982.
  52. Trevor H. Worthy; Graham M. Wragg (2008). "A New Genus and Species of Pigeon (Aves: Columbidae) from Henderson Island, Pitcairn Group" (PDF). Terra Australis. 29 (31): 499–510.
  53. Storrs L. Olson (2008). "A New Species of Shearwater of the Genus Calonectris (Aves: Procellariidae) from a Middle Pleistocene Deposit of Bermuda" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 121 (3): 398–409. doi:10.2988/08-11.1. S2CID 55791138.
  54. Li Jianjun; Li Zhiheng; Zhang Yuguang; Zhou Zhonghe; Bai Zhiqiang; Zhang Lifu; Ba Tuya (2008). "A New Species of Cathayornis from the Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China and Its Stratigraphic Significance" (PDF). Acta Geologica Sinica. 82 (6): 1115–1123. Bibcode:2008AcGlS..82.1115L. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2008.tb00711.x. S2CID 130061975. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-07-28. Retrieved 2014-07-22.
  55. Cau, A.; Arduini, P. (2008). "Enantiophoenix electrophyla gen. et sp. nov. (Aves, Enantiornithes) from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Lebanon and its phylogenetic relationships". Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Ivico di Storia Naturale in Milano. 149 (2): 293–324.
  56. Zhang, Z.; Zhou, Z.; Benton, M.J. (2008). "A primitive confuciusornithid bird from China and its implications for early avian flight". Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 51 (5): 625–639. Bibcode:2008ScChD..51..625Z. doi:10.1007/s11430-008-0050-3. S2CID 84157320.
  57. Antoine Louchart; Yohannes Haile-Selassie; Patrick Vignaud; Androssa Likius; Michel Brunet (2008). "Fossil Birds from the Late Miocene of Chad and Ethiopia and Zoogeographical Implications" (PDF). Oryctos. 7: 147–167. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2014-07-22.
  58. Zygmunt Bochenski; Zbigniew Bochenski (2008). "An Old World Hummingbird from the Oligocene: A New Fossil from Polish Carpathians". Journal of Ornithology. 149 (2): 211–216. doi:10.1007/s10336-007-0261-y. S2CID 22193761.
  59. Cheke, Anthony S.; Hume, Julian P. (2008). Lost Land of the Dodo. T & A. D. Poyser. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-7136-6544-4.
  60. Kazuhiko Sakurai; Masaichi Kimura; Takayuki Katoh (2008). "A New Penguin-like Bird (Pelecaniformes: Plotopteridae) from the Late Oligocene Tokoro Formation, Northeastern Hokkaido, Japan" (PDF). Oryctos. 149: 211–216. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2014-07-22.
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  62. Jorge I. Noriega; Gerardo Cladera (2008). "First Record of an Extinct Marabou Stork in the Neogene of South America" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 53 (4): 593–600. doi:10.4202/app.2008.0404. S2CID 54033224.
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