A parliamentary election was held in Estonia on 6 March 2011, with e-voting between 24 February and 2 March 2011. The newly elected 101 members of the 12th Riigikogu assembled at Toompea Castle in Tallinn within ten days of the election. The incumbent government of the Reform Party and IRL continued in office until 2014 when Prime Minister Andrus Ansip resigned, ending his tenure as the longest-serving Prime Minister in contemporary Estonian history. He was replaced by Taavi Rõivas who formed a new coalition government with SDE. The Riigikogu elected after this election was the least fragmented in Estonian history, featuring only four parties.

Quick Facts 101 seats in the Riigikogu 51 seats needed for a majority, Turnout ...

2011 Estonian parliamentary election

← 2007 6 March 2011 2015 →
101 seats in the Riigikogu 51 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	63.53%
First party Second party   Leader Andrus Ansip Edgar Savisaar Party Reform Centre Last election 31 seats 29 seats Seats won 33 26 Seat change 2 3 Popular vote 164,255 134,124 Percentage 28.56% 23.32% Swing 0.76pp 2.78pp   Third party Fourth party   Leader Mart Laar Sven Mikser Party IRL SDE Last election 19 seats 10 seats Seats won 23 19 Seat change 4 9 Popular vote 118,023 98,307 Percentage 20.52% 17.09% Swing 2.62pp 6.46pp
Results by electoral district
Prime Minister before election Andrus Ansip Reform Prime Minister after election Andrus Ansip Reform

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The election was marked by the highest number of running independents (32) since 1992. Several independent candidates were members of the Estonian Patriotic Movement and many of them would later become known faces in the Conservative People's Party of Estonia (EKRE), including future leaders Mart Helme and Martin Helme.^[1]

The 101 members of the Riigikogu (Parliament of Estonia) were elected using a form of proportional representation for a four-year term. The seats were allocated using a modified D'Hondt method. The country is divided into twelve multi-mandate electoral districts. There is a nationwide threshold of 5% for party lists, but if the number of votes cast for a candidate exceeds or equals the simple quota (which shall be obtained by dividing the number of valid votes cast in the electoral district by the number of mandates in the district) the candidate is elected.

Pre-election polls put the Reform Party, led by Prime Minister Andrus Ansip, ahead of its main rival, the opposition Centre Party. The former is right of centre, the latter is considered populist, slightly to the left on economic matters. Both parties are members of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party. Reform was slightly more socially liberal in comparison to Centre, while SDE was the most liberal out of the parties. IRL, meanwhile, was socially conservative, together with Centre. However, most parties had ruled out cooperation with Centre after its leader's controversial comments on regarding the Bronze Night riots and history of scandals.

The Estonian National Electoral Committee announced that nine political parties and 32 individual candidates registered to take part in the 2011 parliamentary election. Their registration numbers and order were determined by a draw lot.

The Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe observed this election and issued a report with a number of recommendations.^[3]