2016_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wisconsin
The 2016 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 United States presidential election. Wisconsin voters chose 10 electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting Republican Party nominee Donald Trump against Democratic Party nominee Hillary Clinton.
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| Turnout | 67.34%  [1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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County results
Congressional district results
Precinct results
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On April 5, 2016, in the presidential primaries, Wisconsin voters expressed their preferences for the Democratic and Republican Parties' respective nominees for president in an open primary; voters were allowed to vote in either party's primary regardless of their own party affiliation. Bernie Sanders prevailed in Wisconsin's Democratic primary, while Ted Cruz won Wisconsin's Republican primary.
In the general election, Donald Trump unexpectedly won Wisconsin by a narrow margin of 0.77%, with 47.22% of the total votes over the 46.45% of Hillary Clinton. Wisconsin emerged as the tipping-point state in the 2016 election.
Trump's victory in Wisconsin was attributed to overwhelming and underestimated support from white working-class citizens in the state's rural areas, a demographic that had previously tended to either vote for the Democratic candidate or did not vote at all.[2][3][4]
By winning Wisconsin, Trump became the first Republican candidate to win the state since Ronald Reagan in 1984. He also became the first Republican to win a majority in Iron County since 1920.[lower-alpha 1] Wisconsin weighed in for this election as 2.9% more Republican than the nation-at-large, the first time it voted to the right of the nation since 2000.[5] Wisconsin was also one of eleven states to have voted twice for Bill Clinton which Hillary Clinton lost. This is the only election since 1960 in which the Democratic nominee won the popular vote without Wisconsin, and only the third since the Great Depression (the other being 1944).
Wisconsin held its presidential primaries on April 5, 2016.
Democratic primary
Democratic presidential debate in Milwaukee, February 2016
The Democratic Party held its sixth presidential debate on February 11, 2016, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. The debate was hosted by PBS NewsHour anchors Gwen Ifill and Judy Woodruff; it aired on PBS and was simulcast by CNN. Participants were Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders.
Democratic primary, April 2016
| Wisconsin Democratic primary, April 5, 2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Popular vote | Estimated delegates | |||
| Count | Percentage | Pledged | Unpledged | Total | |
| Bernie Sanders | 570,192 | 56.59% | 48 | 1 | 49 |
| Hillary Clinton | 433,739 | 43.05% | 38 | 9 | 47 |
| Martin O'Malley (withdrawn) | 1,732 | 0.17% | |||
| Roque "Rocky" De La Fuente (write-in) | 18 | 0.00% | |||
| Scattering | 431 | 0.04% | |||
| Uncommitted | 1,488 | 0.15% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 1,007,600 | 100% | 86 | 10 | 96 |
| Source: The Green Papers, Wisconsin Secretary of State | |||||
Republican primary
Presidential debate in Milwaukee, November 2015
The Republican Party held its fourth presidential debate on November 10, 2015, in Milwaukee, at the Milwaukee Theatre. Moderated by Neil Cavuto, Maria Bartiromo and Gerard Baker, the debate aired on the Fox Business Network and was sponsored by The Wall Street Journal. Eight candidates including Donald Trump, Ben Carson, Marco Rubio, Ted Cruz, Jeb Bush, Carly Fiorina, John Kasich, and Rand Paul, participated in the primetime debate that was mostly focused on jobs, taxes, and the general health of the U.S. economy, as well as on domestic and international policy issues. The accompanying undercard debate featured Chris Christie, Mike Huckabee, Rick Santorum, and Bobby Jindal, who ended his campaign a week after the debate.
Republican primary, April 2016
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Actual delegate count | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bound | Unbound | Total | |||
| Ted Cruz | 533,079 | 48.20% | 36 | 0 | 36 |
| Donald Trump | 387,295 | 35.02% | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| John Kasich | 155,902 | 14.10% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marco Rubio (withdrawn) | 10,591 | 0.96% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ben Carson (withdrawn) | 5,660 | 0.51% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jeb Bush (withdrawn) | 3,054 | 0.28% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rand Paul (withdrawn) | 2,519 | 0.23% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Uncommitted | 2,281 | 0.21% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mike Huckabee (withdrawn) | 1,424 | 0.13% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Chris Christie (withdrawn) | 1,191 | 0.11% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Carly Fiorina (withdrawn) | 772 | 0.07% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rick Santorum (withdrawn) | 511 | 0.05% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jim Gilmore (withdrawn) | 245 | 0.02% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Victor Williams (write-in) | 39 | <0.01% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Unprojected delegates: | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Total: | 1,105,944 | 100.00% | 42 | 0 | 42 |
| Source: The Green Papers | |||||
Green Party presidential preference convention
The Wisconsin Green Party held its presidential preference vote at its annual state convention in Madison, Wisconsin, on April 16.[6]
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage | National delegates |
|---|---|---|---|
 Jill Stein |
– | – | 7 |
| William Kreml | – | – | 1 |
| Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry | – | – | – |
| Darryl Cherney | – | – | – |
| Kent Mesplay | – | – | – |
| Total | - | 100.00% | 8 |
Voting history
Wisconsin joined the Union in May 1848 and has participated in all elections from 1848 onwards. Since 1900, Wisconsin has been won by the Democrats and Republicans the same number of times.[8] Republican-turned-Progressive Robert M. La Follette Sr. carried the state in the 1924 presidential election.
The state voted for the Democratic nominee in the seven elections from 1988 to 2012, although sometimes by small margins, as it was in 1992, 2000, and 2004. There were other occasions, in contrast, when the margin of victory was substantial, such as 1996, 2008, and 2012.[8]
Predictions
| Source | Ranking | As of |
|---|---|---|
| Los Angeles Times[9] | Likely D | November 6, 2016 |
| CNN[10] | Lean D | November 4, 2016 |
| Cook Political Report[11] | Lean D | November 7, 2016 |
| Electoral-vote.com[12] | Likely D | November 8, 2016 |
| Rothenberg Political Report[13] | Tilt D | November 7, 2016 |
| Sabato's Crystal Ball[14] | Likely D | November 7, 2016 |
| RealClearPolitics[15] | Lean D | November 8, 2016 |
| Fox News[16] | Lean D | November 7, 2016 |
Polling
Polls consistently showed Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton leading by a margin of two to eight points in a four-way race.[17] The last poll published prior to the election was by SurveyMonkey and had Hillary Clinton with a two-point lead over Donald Trump.[17] Clinton never visited the state during the general election campaign, while Trump visited six times.[18] On election day, Trump ended up carrying the state by less than a point, a difference of an average of five to six points from most pre-election polling.[17] Prior to the election, many major news networks and professional and election analysts predicted the state as either lean or likely Democratic. Wisconsin's unexpected swing to Trump, along with two other Rust Belt states (Pennsylvania, Michigan), was the deciding factor in his win of 306–232 over Clinton, despite her garnering a plurality of the votes. Clinton referenced the loss in her memoir What Happened: "If there's one place where we were caught by surprise, it was Wisconsin. Polls showed us comfortably ahead, right up until the end. They also looked good for the Democrat running for Senate, Russ Feingold."[19] Interestingly, Trump did not win Wisconsin unlike the other states that he flipped by finding new voters, rather retaining more of Romney's vote, as the total votes cast in Wisconsin declined from 2012.
| Party | Candidate | Running mate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Donald Trump | Mike Pence | 1,405,284 | 47.22% | 10 | |
| Democratic | Hillary Clinton | Tim Kaine | 1,382,536 | 46.45% | 0 | |
| Libertarian | Gary Johnson | William Weld | 106,674 | 3.58% | 0 | |
| Green | Jill Stein | Ajamu Baraka | 31,072 | 1.04% | 0 | |
| Constitution | Darrell Castle | Scott Bradley | 12,162 | 0.41% | 0 | |
| Independent (write-in votes) | Evan McMullin | Nathan Johnson | 11,855 | 0.40% | 0 | |
| Workers World | Monica Moorehead | Lamont Lilly | 1,770 | 0.06% | 0 | |
| Independent | Rocky De La Fuente | Michael Steinberg | 1,502 | 0.05% | 0 | |
| Others / Write-In Votes | - |
- |
23,295 | 0.78% | 0 | |
| Totals | 2,976,150 | 100.00% | 10 | |||
| Source: Wisconsin Elections Commission | ||||||
By congressional districts
Donald Trump won 6 of the 8 congressional districts, including one held by a Democrat.[20]
| District | Trump | Clinton | others | Representative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 52% | 42% | 6% | Paul Ryan |
| 2nd | 29% | 65% | 6% | Mark Pocan |
| 3rd | 49% | 44% | 7% | Ron Kind |
| 4th | 22% | 73% | 5% | Gwen Moore |
| 5th | 57% | 37% | 7% | Jim Sensenbrenner |
| 6th | 55% | 38% | 7% | Glenn Grothman |
| 7th | 58% | 37% | 6% | Sean Duffy |
| 8th | 57% | 37% | 6% | Mike Gallagher |
Results by county
| County | Donald Trump Republican |
Hillary Clinton Democratic |
Various candidates Other parties |
Margin | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Adams | 5,966 | 58.89% | 3,745 | 36.97% | 419 | 4.14% | 2,221 | 21.92% | 10,130 |
| Ashland | 3,303 | 41.12% | 4,226 | 52.61% | 503 | 6.27% | -923 | -11.49% | 8,032 |
| Barron | 13,614 | 60.05% | 7,889 | 34.80% | 1,168 | 5.15% | 5,725 | 25.25% | 22,671 |
| Bayfield | 4,124 | 42.90% | 4,953 | 51.53% | 535 | 5.57% | -829 | -8.63% | 9,612 |
| Brown | 67,210 | 52.10% | 53,382 | 41.38% | 8,419 | 6.52% | 13,828 | 10.72% | 129,011 |
| Buffalo | 4,048 | 57.99% | 2,525 | 36.17% | 408 | 5.84% | 1,523 | 21.82% | 6,981 |
| Burnett | 5,410 | 61.91% | 2,949 | 33.75% | 379 | 4.34% | 2,461 | 28.16% | 8,738 |
| Calumet | 15,367 | 57.78% | 9,642 | 36.25% | 1,586 | 5.97% | 5,725 | 21.53% | 26,595 |
| Chippewa | 17,916 | 56.75% | 11,887 | 37.66% | 1,765 | 5.59% | 6,029 | 19.09% | 31,568 |
| Clark | 8,652 | 63.28% | 4,221 | 30.87% | 800 | 5.85% | 4,431 | 32.41% | 13,673 |
| Columbia | 14,163 | 47.69% | 13,528 | 45.55% | 2,007 | 6.76% | 635 | 2.14% | 29,698 |
| Crawford | 3,836 | 49.64% | 3,419 | 44.24% | 473 | 6.12% | 417 | 5.40% | 7,728 |
| Dane | 71,275 | 23.04% | 217,697 | 70.37% | 20,382 | 6.59% | -146,422 | -47.33% | 309,354 |
| Dodge | 26,635 | 61.83% | 13,968 | 32.42% | 2,475 | 5.75% | 12,667 | 29.41% | 43,078 |
| Door | 8,580 | 48.77% | 8,014 | 45.55% | 998 | 5.68% | 566 | 3.22% | 17,592 |
| Douglas | 9,661 | 42.87% | 11,357 | 50.39% | 1,518 | 6.74% | -1,696 | -7.52% | 22,536 |
| Dunn | 11,486 | 51.96% | 9,034 | 40.87% | 1,586 | 7.17% | 2,452 | 11.09% | 22,106 |
| Eau Claire | 23,331 | 42.40% | 27,340 | 49.69% | 4,354 | 7.91% | -4,009 | -7.29% | 55,025 |
| Florence | 1,898 | 71.46% | 665 | 25.04% | 93 | 3.50% | 1,233 | 46.42% | 2,656 |
| Fond du Lac | 31,022 | 59.89% | 17,387 | 33.57% | 3,387 | 6.54% | 13,635 | 26.32% | 51,796 |
| Forest | 2,787 | 61.32% | 1,579 | 34.74% | 179 | 3.94% | 1,208 | 26.58% | 4,545 |
| Grant | 12,350 | 50.68% | 10,051 | 41.25% | 1,967 | 8.07% | 2,289 | 9.43% | 24,368 |
| Green | 8,693 | 45.79% | 9,122 | 48.05% | 1,170 | 6.16% | -429 | -2.26% | 18,985 |
| Green Lake | 6,216 | 66.02% | 2,693 | 28.60% | 507 | 5.38% | 3,523 | 37.42% | 9,416 |
| Iowa | 4,809 | 39.18% | 6,669 | 54.33% | 797 | 6.49% | -1,860 | -15.15% | 12,275 |
| Iron | 2,081 | 59.24% | 1,275 | 36.29% | 157 | 4.47% | 806 | 22.95% | 3,513 |
| Jackson | 4,906 | 52.94% | 3,818 | 41.20% | 543 | 5.86% | 1,088 | 11.74% | 9,267 |
| Jefferson | 23,417 | 54.32% | 16,569 | 38.44% | 3,123 | 7.24% | 6,848 | 15.88% | 43,109 |
| Juneau | 7,130 | 60.76% | 4,073 | 34.71% | 532 | 4.53% | 3,057 | 26.05% | 11,735 |
| Kenosha | 36,037 | 47.23% | 35,799 | 46.92% | 4,468 | 5.85% | 238 | 0.31% | 76,304 |
| Kewaunee | 6,618 | 61.47% | 3,627 | 33.69% | 522 | 4.84% | 2,991 | 27.78% | 10,767 |
| La Crosse | 26,378 | 41.43% | 32,406 | 50.89% | 4,890 | 7.68% | -6,028 | -9.46% | 63,674 |
| Lafayette | 3,977 | 51.91% | 3,288 | 42.91% | 397 | 5.18% | 689 | 9.00% | 7,662 |
| Langlade | 6,478 | 63.60% | 3,250 | 31.91% | 458 | 4.49% | 3,228 | 31.69% | 10,186 |
| Lincoln | 8,401 | 57.10% | 5,371 | 36.51% | 940 | 6.39% | 3,030 | 20.59% | 14,712 |
| Manitowoc | 23,244 | 56.99% | 14,538 | 35.64% | 3,004 | 7.37% | 8,706 | 21.35% | 40,786 |
| Marathon | 39,014 | 56.12% | 26,481 | 38.09% | 4,023 | 5.79% | 12,533 | 18.03% | 69,518 |
| Marinette | 13,122 | 64.50% | 6,409 | 31.50% | 812 | 4.00% | 6,713 | 33.00% | 20,343 |
| Marquette | 4,709 | 59.68% | 2,808 | 35.58% | 374 | 4.74% | 1,901 | 24.10% | 7,891 |
| Menominee | 267 | 20.41% | 1,002 | 76.61% | 39 | 2.98% | -735 | -56.20% | 1,308 |
| Milwaukee | 126,069 | 28.58% | 288,822 | 65.48% | 26,162 | 5.94% | -162,753 | -36.90% | 441,053 |
| Monroe | 11,356 | 57.65% | 7,052 | 35.80% | 1,291 | 6.55% | 4,354 | 21.85% | 19,699 |
| Oconto | 13,345 | 66.04% | 5,940 | 29.40% | 921 | 4.56% | 7,405 | 36.64% | 20,206 |
| Oneida | 12,132 | 56.35% | 8,109 | 37.66% | 1,290 | 5.99% | 4,023 | 18.69% | 21,531 |
| Outagamie | 49,879 | 53.10% | 38,068 | 40.53% | 5,986 | 6.37% | 11,811 | 12.57% | 93,933 |
| Ozaukee | 30,464 | 55.84% | 20,170 | 36.97% | 3,926 | 7.19% | 10,204 | 18.87% | 54,560 |
| Pepin | 2,206 | 59.06% | 1,344 | 35.98% | 185 | 4.96% | 862 | 23.08% | 3,735 |
| Pierce | 11,272 | 52.73% | 8,399 | 39.29% | 1,705 | 7.98% | 2,873 | 13.44% | 21,376 |
| Polk | 13,810 | 60.72% | 7,565 | 33.26% | 1,370 | 6.02% | 6,245 | 27.46% | 22,745 |
| Portage | 17,305 | 44.84% | 18,529 | 48.02% | 2,755 | 7.14% | -1,224 | -3.18% | 38,589 |
| Price | 4,559 | 60.24% | 2,667 | 35.24% | 342 | 4.52% | 1,892 | 25.00% | 7,568 |
| Racine | 46,681 | 49.50% | 42,641 | 45.22% | 4,980 | 5.28% | 4,040 | 4.28% | 94,302 |
| Richland | 4,013 | 49.73% | 3,569 | 44.23% | 487 | 6.04% | 444 | 5.50% | 8,069 |
| Rock | 31,493 | 41.40% | 39,339 | 51.71% | 5,242 | 6.89% | -7,846 | -10.31% | 76,074 |
| Rusk | 4,564 | 64.39% | 2,171 | 30.63% | 353 | 4.98% | 2,393 | 33.76% | 7,088 |
| Sauk | 14,799 | 47.20% | 14,690 | 46.85% | 1,868 | 5.95% | 109 | 0.35% | 31,357 |
| Sawyer | 5,185 | 56.75% | 3,503 | 38.34% | 449 | 4.91% | 1,682 | 18.41% | 9,137 |
| Shawano | 12,769 | 64.46% | 6,068 | 30.63% | 973 | 4.91% | 6,701 | 33.83% | 19,810 |
| Sheboygan | 32,514 | 54.40% | 23,000 | 38.48% | 4,252 | 7.12% | 9,514 | 15.92% | 59,766 |
| St. Croix | 26,222 | 55.19% | 17,482 | 36.80% | 3,804 | 8.01% | 8,740 | 18.39% | 47,508 |
| Taylor | 6,579 | 69.46% | 2,393 | 25.27% | 499 | 5.27% | 4,186 | 44.19% | 9,471 |
| Trempealeau | 7,366 | 53.82% | 5,636 | 41.18% | 685 | 5.00% | 1,730 | 12.64% | 13,687 |
| Vernon | 7,004 | 49.06% | 6,371 | 44.63% | 900 | 6.31% | 633 | 4.43% | 14,275 |
| Vilas | 8,166 | 60.00% | 4,770 | 35.05% | 675 | 4.95% | 3,396 | 24.95% | 13,611 |
| Walworth | 28,863 | 56.16% | 18,710 | 36.41% | 3,818 | 7.43% | 10,153 | 19.75% | 51,391 |
| Washburn | 5,436 | 59.13% | 3,282 | 35.70% | 475 | 5.17% | 2,154 | 23.43% | 9,193 |
| Washington | 51,740 | 67.41% | 20,852 | 27.17% | 4,165 | 5.42% | 30,888 | 40.24% | 76,757 |
| Waukesha | 142,543 | 59.99% | 79,224 | 33.34% | 15,826 | 6.67% | 63,319 | 26.65% | 237,593 |
| Waupaca | 16,209 | 62.12% | 8,451 | 32.39% | 1,435 | 5.49% | 7,758 | 29.73% | 26,095 |
| Waushara | 7,667 | 63.50% | 3,791 | 31.40% | 616 | 5.10% | 3,876 | 32.10% | 12,074 |
| Winnebago | 43,445 | 49.86% | 37,047 | 42.52% | 6,643 | 7.62% | 6,398 | 7.34% | 87,135 |
| Wood | 21,498 | 56.85% | 14,225 | 37.61% | 2,095 | 5.54% | 7,273 | 19.24% | 37,818 |
| Totals | 1,405,284 | 47.22% | 1,382,536 | 46.45% | 188,330 | 6.33% | 22,748 | 0.77% | 2,976,150 |
Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican
- Adams (largest city: Adams)
- Buffalo (largest city: Mondovi)
- Columbia (largest city: Portage)
- Crawford (largest city: Prairie du Chien)
- Door (largest city: Sturgeon Bay)
- Dunn (largest city: Menomonie)
- Forest (largest city: Crandon)
- Grant (largest city: Platteville)
- Jackson (largest city: Black River Falls)
- Juneau (largest city: Mauston)
- Kenosha (largest city: Kenosha)
- Lafayette (largest city: Darlington)
- Lincoln (largest city: Merrill)
- Marquette (largest city: Montello)
- Pepin (largest city: Durand)
- Price (largest city: Park Falls)
- Racine (largest city: Racine)
- Richland (largest city: Richland Center)
- Sauk (largest city: Baraboo)
- Sawyer (largest city: Hayward)
- Trempealeau (largest city: Arcadia)
- Vernon (largest city: Viroqua)
- Winnebago (largest city: Oshkosh)
On November 25, 2016, with 90 minutes remaining on the deadline to petition for a recount to the state's electoral body, 2016 Green Party presidential candidate Jill Stein filed for a recount of the election results in Wisconsin. She signaled she intended to file for similar recounts in the subsequent days in the states of Michigan and Pennsylvania.[21] On November 26, the Clinton campaign announced that they were joining the recount effort in Wisconsin.[22] Trump filed a lawsuit to halt the process, but it was rejected by a federal judge.[23]
The final result of the recount confirmed Trump's victory in Wisconsin, where he gained a net 131 votes.[24] Trump gained 837 additional votes, while Clinton gained 706 additional votes.[25]
- Republicans Richard Nixon in 1972, George W. Bush in 2000, and Mitt Romney in 2012 also all won Iron County, however, they only received pluralities.
- "Wisconsin Voter Turnout Statistics – Wisconsin Elections Commission". elections.wi.gov.
- "White working-class voters flipped Wisconsin red". Retrieved March 10, 2017.
- Cohn, Nate (November 9, 2016). "Why Trump Won: Working-Class Whites". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
- "NBC News Exit Poll in Wisconsin: Trump Energizes White Working Class". NBC News. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
- "WIGP Spring Gathering & Presidential Nominating Convention Sat. 4/16 in Madison". Wisconsin Green Party. April 1, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
- "Happy to report that I received a delegate in... – William P. Kreml". Retrieved April 20, 2016.
- "Wisconsin Presidential Election 2016 Results LIVE Updates". usaelections-2016.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2016.
- "Our final map has Clinton winning with 352 electoral votes. Compare your picks with ours". Los Angeles Times. November 6, 2016. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
- Chalian, David (November 4, 2016). "Road to 270: CNN's new election map". CNN. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
- "2016 Electoral Scorecard". The Cook Political Report. November 7, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
- "2016 Electoral Map Prediction". Electoral-vote.com. November 8, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
- "Presidential Ratings". The Rothenberg Political Report. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
- Sabato, Larry J. (November 7, 2016). "2016 President". University of Virginia Center for Politics. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
- "2016 Election Maps - Battle for White House". RealClearPolitics. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
- "Electoral Scorecard: Map shifts again in Trump's favor, as Clinton holds edge". Fox News. November 7, 2016. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
- 2016 Wisconsin election forecast (538), accessed October 20, 2020
- Trump Out-Campaigned Clinton by 50 Percent in Key Battleground States in Final Stretch. NBC News. 13 November 2016.
- Hillary Clinton was caught by surprise by Wisconsin loss, she says in her book, 'What Happened'. Journal Sentinel. 12 September 2017
- PresidentContest RecountResult WardByWard withDistricts.xlsx (Microsoft Excel), Wisconsin Elections Commission, December 12, 2016
- Adam Howard (November 25, 2016). "Election recount process to begin in Wisconsin after Green Party petition". nbcnews.com.
- Scott, Eugene. "Clinton to join recount that Trump calls 'scam'". CNN. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
- Presidential recount in Wauwatosa yields little change. Article by Chris Barlow from 13 December 2016 for the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
- Levy, Marc. "US Judge Rejects Green Party's Pennsylvania Recount Case". ABC News. Archived from the original on December 12, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
- Matthew DeFour, Wisconsin State Journal. "Completed Wisconsin recount widens Donald Trump's lead by 131 votes". madison.com.
- David Weigel; Lauren Tierney (August 16, 2020), "The seven political states of Wisconsin", The Washington Post, archived from the original on September 17, 2020
- RNC 2016 Republican Nominating Process Archived November 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
- Green papers for 2016 primaries, caucuses, and conventions
- FoxNews full election coverage, Wisconsin