World War II

At the outbreak of World War II, the regiment consisted of a command, a command unit, the II, IX, and XI groups with 75/27 C.K. anti-aircraft guns, XVII and XXII groups with 75/46 mod. 34 anti-aircraft guns, and one group with 20/65 mod. 35 autocannons. On 10 June 1940, the day Italy entered the war, the regiment was assigned to the Artillery Command of the 1st Army. On 28 June, the XVII and XXII groups were sent to Italian Libya for the Western Desert campaign. In early 1941, the XI Group was sent to occupied Albania, where it participated in the Greco-Italian War.^[7]

During the war, the regiment's depot in Mantua mobilized the following units:^[7]

• XXXVII Trucked Group with 75/46 mod. 34 anti-aircraft guns
• DI Trucked Group with 90/53 anti-aircraft guns on Lancia 3Ro trucks for the 132nd Armored Division "Ariete"
• DII Trucked Group with 90/53 anti-aircraft guns on Lancia 3Ro trucks for the 131st Armored Division "Centauro"
• DXXI Trucked Group with 90/53 anti-aircraft guns
• DXXII Trucked Group with 90/53 anti-aircraft guns
• DXXV Trucked Group with 90/53 anti-aircraft guns
• XLIII Positional Group with 7.5cm PL vz.37 anti-aircraft guns
• LXIV Positional Group with 75/46 mod. 34 anti-aircraft guns
• XXVIII Positional Group with 8.8cm Flak anti-aircraft guns
• XXXI Positional Group with 8.8cm Flak anti-aircraft guns
• XLVI Positional Group with 75mm mod. 13-17 anti-aircraft guns
• LXII Positional Group with 76/40 mod. 16 anti-aircraft guns
• LII Positional Group with 20/70 autocannons

The depot also mobilized the command of the 38th Positional Grouping. In April 1942, the 4th Anti-aircraft Artillery Grouping was formed, which consisted of the following units:^[7]

The grouping was assigned to the 8th Army, which was sent to the Eastern Front. The grouping departed from Mantua on 13 June 1942. Upon arrival in Russia, the IV and XIX trucked groups with 75/46 mod. 34 anti-aircraft guns of the 5th Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment were assigned to the grouping. The two groups had been deployed with the Italian Expeditionary Corps in Russia to the Soviet Union in July 1941. On 16 December 1942, the Red Army commenced Operation Little Saturn and the anti-aircraft troops were forced to use their anti-aircraft guns in the anti-tank role. Even though the Italian divisions resisted for two weeks the Soviet offensive destroyed most of the Italian 8th Army, and with it most of the 4th Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment. The remnants of the grouping were repatriated in March 1943. For its conduct in the Soviet Union, the grouping was awarded a Bronze Medal of Military Valor, which today is affixed to the flag of the 4th Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment "Peschiera" and depicted on its coat of arms.^[4][7]

The regiment and its depot were disbanded by invading German forces after the announcement of the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943.^[7]

Cold War

On 24 May 1947, the regiment was reformed as 4th Light Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment in Albenga with the personnel and materiel of the VI Anti-aircraft Group of the 155th Field Artillery Regiment. The regiment was assigned to the Infantry Division "Mantova" and consisted of a command, a command unit, the I Group with 40/56 autocannons, and the II Group with 40/56 autocannons. In July 1947, the regiment moved from Albenga to Cervignano del Friuli. On 1 December 1948, the regiment began with the formation of a group with 40/56 autocannons for the Armored Brigade "Ariete". On 1 July 1949, the new group was transferred to the 132nd Armored Artillery Regiment of the Ariete brigade.^[7][8]

On 1 January 1951, the Infantry Division "Mantova" included the following artillery regiments:^[7][8]

On 1 April 1951, the regiment formed a third group equipped with 40/56 autocannons. On 30 June of the same year, the regiment ceded its I Group to the 155th Field Artillery Regiment, its II Group to the 3rd Field Artillery Regiment, and its III Group to the 5th Field Artillery Regiment. The next day, the regiment was reorganized as 4th Heavy Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment in Riva del Garda. On 1 November 1951, the CVI Group with 90/53 anti-aircraft guns, which had been formed by the Anti-aircraft Artillery School, arrived in Riva del Garda. On 4 April 1952, the Anti-aircraft Artillery School sent the next group with 90/53 anti-aircraft guns to Riva del Garda. In 1953, the III Heavy Anti-aircraft Group with 90/53 anti-aircraft guns and the V Group with 40/56 autocannons were formed. In 1955, the regiment moved from Riva del Garda to Verona.^[7][8]

On 1 January 1956, the regiment received the V Light Anti-aircraft Group with 40/56 autocannons from the 2nd Mountain Artillery Regiment of the Alpine Brigade "Tridentina". In February of the same year, the V and VI groups were redesignated as IV and V groups. Also in this year, the 90/53 anti-aircraft guns were replaced by American 90/50 M1 anti-aircraft guns. At the end of the year, the regiment consisted of the following units:^[7][8]

In January 1960, the V Light Anti-aircraft Group was disbanded. On 1 August 1963, the regiment was assigned to the army's Anti-aircraft Artillery Command and the same month the IV Light Anti-aircraft Group and III Heavy Anti-aircraft Group were disbanded.^[7][8]

On 10 October 1963, the Anti-aircraft Artillery School formed Italy's first anti-aircraft missiles battery equipped with MIM-23 Hawk air defence missile systems. On 1 October 1964, the regiment was reorganized as missiles air defence regiment and renamed 4th Anti-aircraft Missiles Artillery Regiment. The regiment now consisted of the following units:^[7][8]

On 1 August 1968, the regiment's command moved from Verona to Mantua and on 15 October of the same year the I Missiles Group moved to Ravenna.^[7] As part of the 1975 army reform, the regiment's Command Unit was reorganized as Command and Services Battery. After the reform, each of the two missiles groups fielded 957 men (50 officers, 304 non-commissioned officers, and 603 soldiers).^[9] The regiment's new organization was now as follows:

While the 5th Anti-aircraft Missiles Artillery Regiment was the Italian Army's forward deployed air defence unit, which covered the area of operation of the 5th Army Corps, the 4th Anti-aircraft Missiles Artillery Regiment covered the 5th Army Corps rear, through which supplies and reinforcements would be moved towards the Eastern Italian border.^[7][8] On 18 June 1986, the 2nd Missiles Group moved from Mantua to Cremona.^[7][8]

4th Rgt.

1st Group

1 Bty.

2 Bty.

3 Bty.

2nd Group

5 Bty.

6 Bty.

7 Bty.

8 Bty.

9 Bty.

5th Rgt.

1st Group

1 Bty.

2 Bty.

3 Bty.

4 Bty.

2nd Group

5 Bty.

6 Bty.

7 Bty.

8 Bty.

Location of the groups and batteries of the 4th Anti-aircraft Missiles Artillery Regiment () and the 5th Anti-aircraft Missiles Artillery Regiment () in 1989.

Recent times

On 30 September 1992, the 4th Anti-aircraft Missiles Artillery Regiment was disbanded and the next day the regiment was reformed as 4th Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment by reorganizing the 2nd Missiles Group in Mantua. The same day, the 2nd Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment was reformed in Ravenna by reorganizing the 1st Missiles Group.^[7] On 1 October 1997 the regiment was awarded the honorary title "Peschiera" to commemorate the city of its founding.^[8]

On 1 January 2002, the regiment was assigned to the Anti-aircraft Artillery Brigade, which on 11 September 2009, was merged with the Anti-aircraft Artillery School to form the Anti-aircraft Artillery Command. On 20 April 2011, the regiment was equipped with modern SAMP/T air defence missile systems.^[8]