4th_New_Zealand_Parliament

Elections for this term were held in 61 electorates between 12 February and 6 April 1866 to elect 70 MPs. Parliament was prorogued in late 1870. During the term of this Parliament, two Ministries were in power. During this term, four Māori electorates were first established in 1867, and the first elections held in 1868.

Sessions

The 4th Parliament opened on 30 June 1866,^[1] following the 1866 general election. It sat for five sessions, and was prorogued on 6 December 1875.^[2]

More information Session, Opened ...

Session	Opened	Adjouned
first	30 June 1866	8 October 1866
second	9 July 1867	10 October 1867
third	9 July 1868	20 October 1868
fourth	1 June 1869	3 September 1869
fifth	14 June 1870	13 September 1870

Historical context

Political parties had not been established yet; this only happened after the 1890 election. Anyone attempting to form an administration thus had to win support directly from individual MPs. This made first forming, and then retaining a government difficult and challenging.^[3]

The 4th Parliament sat during the time of the New Zealand Wars, with the Second Taranaki War proceeding at the beginning of this Parliament's term. The Central Otago Gold Rush was coming to an end, but the West Coast Gold Rush had only just begun.

The capital had moved from Auckland to Wellington in 1865. Parliament was meeting in the Provincial Council buildings. With the increase in the number of Members of Parliament to 70, conditions became very crowded.^[1] The original building "grew like topsy" until the end of the 19th century, and was consumed by fire on 11 December 1907.^[4]

In 1868, the first elections were held in the four Māori electorates that were created in the previous year.^[5]

Ministries

A few months before the 1866 general elections, Edward Stafford became Premier for the second time. On 16 October 1865, the second Stafford Ministry was formed. This lasted well into the term of the 4th Parliament on 28 June 1869.^[6]^[7]

The premiership changed back to William Fox. The third Fox Ministry was in place from 28 June 1869 to 10 September 1872, well into the term of the 5th Parliament.^[6]^[8]

Electorates

61 electorates were used for the 1866 elections. This was a significant increase from the 43 electorates used in the previous (1860–1861) election, and resulted from the Representation Act 1865. The bill had its third reading^[9] and was assented in October 1865.^[10]

Initial composition of the 4th Parliament

70 seats were created across the 61 electorates.^[11] The City of Wellington electorate was the only three-member electorate, and seven electorates were represented by two members. The remaining 53 electorates were represented by a single member.^[12]

More information Member, Electorate ...

Member	Electorate	Province	MP's term	Election date
George Armstrong	Akaroa	Canterbury	First	21 February^[13]
Lancelot Walker	Ashley	Canterbury	Second	2 March^[14]
Archibald Clark	Auckland East	Auckland	Second	12 February^[15]
James Williamson	Auckland West	Auckland	Second	13 February^[16]
John Williamson	Auckland West	Auckland	Third	13 February^[16]
Crosbie Ward	Avon	Canterbury	Third	20 February^[17]
Hugh Carleton	Bay of Islands	Auckland	Fourth	5 March^[18]
John Cargill	Bruce	Otago	Third	7 March^[18]
Arthur Burns	Caversham	Otago	Second	16 March^[19]
David Monro^[20]	Cheviot	Canterbury	Third	19 February^[21]
James FitzGerald	City of Christchurch	Canterbury	Fourth	12 February^[22]
John Ormond	Clive	Hawke's Bay	Second	17 March^[23]
James Macandrew	Clutha	Otago	Fourth	9 March^[24]
John Cracroft Wilson	Coleridge	Canterbury	Second	31 January^[16]
Andrew Richmond	Collingwood	Nelson	Second	9 March^[25]
William Reynolds	DunedinCity of Dunedin	Otago	Second	9 March^[26]
James Paterson	DunedinCity of Dunedin	Otago	Second	9 March^[27]
Theodore Haultain	Franklin	Auckland	Third	22 February^[28]
Robert Graham	Franklin	Auckland	Second	22 February^[29]
Francis Jollie	Gladstone	Canterbury	Second	23 February^[30]
Charles O'Neill	Goldfields	Otago	First	26 February^[23]
Julius Vogel	Goldfields	Otago	Second	26 February^[14]
James Bradshaw	Gold Field Towns	Otago	First	16 March^[31]
James Richmond	Grey and Bell	Taranaki	Second	2 March^[25]
Charles Haughton	Hampden	Otago	Second	5 March^[28]
John Hall	Heathcote	Canterbury	Second	1 March^[32]
William Fitzherbert	Hutt	Wellington	Third	28 February^[22]
Alfred Ludlam	Hutt	Wellington	Third	28 February^[33]
William Wood	Invercargill	Southland	First	9 March^[34]
Joseph Beswick	Kaiapoi	Canterbury	First	16 February^[31]
Edward Hargreaves	LytteltonTown of Lyttelton	Canterbury	First	3 March^[28]
William Baldwin	Manuherikia	Otago	Second	17 March^[35]
Francis Hull	Marsden	Auckland	First	5 March^[36]
Dillon Bell	Mataura	Southland	Third	10 March^[37]
Thomas Ball	Mongonui	Auckland	First	20 March^[35]
Charles Parker	Motueka	Nelson	Second	2 March^[27]
William Sefton Moorhouse^a	Mount Herbert	Canterbury	First	22 February^[21]
Donald McLean	Napier	Hawke's Bay	First	20 March^[38]^[39]
Oswald Curtis	NelsonCity of Nelson	Nelson	First	20 February^[40]
Edward Stafford	NelsonCity of Nelson	Nelson	Third	20 February^[41]^[13]
William Wells	NelsonSuburbs of Nelson	Nelson	Third	15 February^[42]
John Richardson	New Plymouth	Taranaki	Second	16 March^[26]
George Graham^[43]	Newton	Auckland	Second	15 February^[29]
James O'Neill	Northern Division	Auckland	Third	14 February^[23]
Thomas Henderson	Northern Division	Auckland	Third	14 February^[44]
Robert Campbell	Oamaru	Otago	First	23 March^[18]
Arthur Atkinson^[45]	Omata	Taranaki	First	9 March^[46]
Maurice O'Rorke	OnehungaTown of Onehunga	Auckland	Second	20 February^[23]
Frederick Whitaker	Parnell	Auckland	First	16 February^[42]
Paul de Quincey	Pensioner Settlements	Auckland	First	15 February^[47]
Arthur Beauchamp^[48]	Picton	Marlborough	First	14 March^[37]
Alfred Brandon	Porirua	Wellington	Third	5 March^[49]
Thomas Dick	Port Chalmers	Otago	Second	17 March^[47]
Joseph Newman	Raglan	Auckland	First	23 February^[50]
William Watt	Rangitiki	Wellington	First	8 March^[17]
Donald Hankinson^[51]	Riverton	Southland	First	26 February^[32]
George Hepburn	Roslyn	Otago	First	22 March^[44]
Edward Stevens	Selwyn	Canterbury	First	26 February^[41]
Donald Reid	Taieri	Otago	First	7 March^[52]
Alfred Cox	Timaru	Canterbury	Second	20 February^[40]
William Murison	Waikouaiti	Otago	First	28 February^[53]
Arthur Oliver	Waimea	Marlborough	First	23 February^[23]^[13]
Henry Bunny	Wairarapa	Wellington	Second	3 March^[19]
William Eyes	Wairau	Marlborough	Second	23 February^[54]
Alexander McNeill	Wallace	Otago	First	6 April^[38]
John Bryce	Wanganui	Wellington	First	3 March^[49]
William Taylor	WellingtonCity of Wellington	Wellington	Second	1 March^[55]
Isaac Featherston	WellingtonCity of Wellington	Wellington	Fourth	1 March^[54]
Charles Borlase	WellingtonCity of Wellington	Wellington	First	1 March^[31]
William Sefton Moorhouse^a	Westland	Canterbury	Fourth	16 March^[21]

^a Moorhouse was elected in both the Mount Herbert and Westland electorates. He chose to represent Westland.

Changes during term

There were numerous changes during the term of the 4th Parliament.

More information By-election, Electorate ...

By-election	Electorate	Date	Incumbent	Reason	Winner
1866	Mount Herbert	27 July	William Moorhouse	Chose to represent Westland	Thomas Potts
1866	Port Chalmers	15 December	Thomas Dick	Resignation	Thomas Dick
1867	City of Dunedin	19 January	William Reynolds	Resignation	William Reynolds
1867	City of Christchurch	13 February	James FitzGerald	Resignation	William Travers
1867	Avon	11 March	Crosbie Ward	Resignation	William Reeves
1867	City of Auckland West	25 April	James Williamson	Resignation	Patrick Dignan
1867	Manuherikia	27 April	William Baldwin	Resignation	David Mervyn
1867	Wanganui	27 April	John Bryce	Resignation	Henry Harrison
1867	Town of New Plymouth	29 April	John Richardson	Resignation	Harry Atkinson
1867	Raglan	4 June	Joseph Newman	Resignation	James Farmer
1867	Parnell	5 June	Frederick Whitaker	Resignation	Charles Heaphy
1867	Port Chalmers	15 June	Thomas Dick	Resignation	David Main
1867	Waimea	28 June	Arthur Oliver	Resignation	Edward Baigent
1867	Lyttelton	1 July	Edward Hargreaves	Resignation	George Macfarlan
1867	Northern Division	1 July	Thomas Henderson	Resignation	Thomas Macfarlane
1867	Kaiapoi	5 July	Joseph Beswick	Resignation	John Studholme
1867	Picton	25 July	Arthur Beauchamp	Resignation	William Adams
1867	Pensioner Settlements	5 August	Paul de Quincey	Resignation	John Kerr
1867	Ashley	7 August	Lancelot Walker	Resignation	Henry Tancred
1868	Omata	7 February	Arthur Atkinson	Resignation	Charles Brown
1868	Collingwood	18 March	Andrew Richmond	Resignation	Arthur Collins
1868	Westland Boroughs	3 April	William Moorhouse	Resignation	William Harrison
Supplementary election, 1868
Westland North		9 April 1868^[56]			Timothy Gallagher
Westland South		6 April 1868^[35]			Edmund Barff
First Māori elections
Eastern Maori		15 April 1868^[21]			Tāreha Te Moananui
Northern Maori		15 April 1868^[57]			Frederick Russell
Southern Maori		20 June 1868^[58]			John Patterson
Western Maori		1 May 1868^[27]			Mete Kīngi Paetahi
By-election	Electorate	Date	Incumbent	Reason	Winner
4th Parliament (continued)
1868	Avon	8 June	William Reeves	Resignation	William Rolleston
1868	Picton	11 June	William Adams	Resignation	Courtney Kenny
1868	Rangitiki	22 June	William Watt	Resignation	William Fox
1868	Franklin	2 July	Robert Graham	Resignation	William Swan
1868	Waikouaiti	27 July	William Murison	Resignation	Robert Mitchell
1868	Lyttelton^[59]	2 November	George Macfarlan	Death	John Peacock
1868	Timaru	20 November	Alfred Cox	Resignation	Edward Stafford
1868	City of Nelson	24 December	Edward Stafford	Resignation	Nathaniel Edwards
1869	Marsden	25 January^[53]	Francis Hull	Resignation	John Munro
1869	Roslyn	12 February	George Hepburn	Resignation	Henry Driver
1869	City of Dunedin	5 March	James Paterson	Resignation	Thomas Birch
1869	Northern Division	15 March	James O'Neill	Resignation	Harry Farnall
1869	Newton	19 March	George Graham	Resignation	Robert Creighton
1869	Waikouaiti	27 April	Robert Mitchell	Resignation	Francis Rich
1869	Town of New Plymouth	28 April	Harry Atkinson	Resignation	Thomas Kelly
1869 (1st)	Wallace	30 April	Alexander McNeill	Resignation	Cuthbert Cowan
1869	Oamaru	25 May	Robert Campbell	Resignation	Charles Graham
1869	Taieri	19 June	Donald Reid	Resignation	Henry Howorth
1869 (2nd)	Wallace	17 September	Cuthbert Cowan	Resignation	George Webster
1870	Bruce	21 March	John Cargill	Resignation	James Brown
1870	Mongonui	30 March	Thomas Ball	Resignation	Thomas Gillies
1870	Caversham	25 April	Arthur John Burns	Resignation	James McIndoe
1870	Omata	27 April	Charles Brown	Resignation	Frederic Carrington
1870	Parnell	12 May	Charles Heaphy	Resignation	Reader Wood
1870	Riverton	18 May	Donald Hankinson	Resignation	Lauchlan McGillivray
1870	Westland North	2 July	Timothy Gallagher	Resignation	Thomas Kynnersley
1870	City of Christchurch	12 August	William Travers	Resignation	William Moorhouse

Existing electorates

Ashley

Walker resigned in 1867. Henry Tancred won the subsequent 1867 by-election.

Auckland West

James Williamson resigned in 1867. He was succeeded by Patrick Dignan.

Avon

Ward resigned in 1867. He was succeeded by William Reeves, who himself resigned in 1868. William Rolleston won the subsequent 1868 by-election.

Bruce

Cargill resigned in 1870 and was succeeded by James Clark Brown.

Caversham

Burns resigned in 1870 and was succeeded by James McIndoe.

City of Christchurch

FitzGerald resigned in 1867 and was succeeded by William Travers, who himself resigned in 1870. William Sefton Moorhouse took the seat for the remaining months in 1870.

City of Dunedin

Paterson resigned in 1869 and was succeeded by Thomas Birch.

City of Nelson

Stafford resigned in 1868 and was succeeded by Nathaniel Edwards.

Collingwood

Richmond resigned in 1868 and was succeeded by Arthur Shuckburgh Collins.

Kaiapoi

Beswick resigned in 1867. He was succeeded by John Studholme.

Manuherikia

Baldwin resigned in 1867. He was succeeded by David Mervyn.

Marsden

Hull resigned in 1868. He was succeeded by John Munro.

Mongonui

Ball resigned in 1870. He was succeeded by Thomas Gillies on 30 March 1870.

Mount Herbert

Moorhouse was elected in the Mount Herbert electorate on 22 February 1866.^[21]^[60] He also stood in the Westland electorate and was returned 16 March 1866.^[21]^[61] He chose to represent Westland.^[62] A by-election was held on 27 July 1866 and Thomas Potts was returned unopposed.^[63]^[64]

New Plymouth

Richardson resigned in 1867 and was succeeded by Harry Atkinson, who himself resigned in 1869. Thomas Kelly won the 1869 by-election.

Newton

Graham resigned in 1869 and was succeeded by Robert James Creighton.

Northern Division

Henderson resigned in 1867. The 6 July 1867 by-election was won by Thomas Macfarlane.^[65]

O'Neill resigned in 1869 and was succeeded by Henry Warner Farnall.

Oamaru

Campbell resigned in 1869 and was succeeded by Charles Christie Graham.

Omata

Atkinson resigned in 1867 and was succeeded in the 1868 by-election by Charles Brown, who himself resigned in 1870. Frederic Carrington was the successful candidate in the 1870 by-election.

Parnell

Whitaker resigned in 1867 and was succeeded by Charles Heaphy.

Pensioner Settlements

De Quincey resigned in 1867. The 5 August 1867 by-election was won by John Kerr. A second person, a Mr Jackson, was nominated, but the returning officer would not accept the nomination, as Jackson was not on the electoral roll. Thus, Kerr was declared elected unopposed.^[66]

Picton

Beauchamp resigned in 1867. He was succeeded by William Adams, who himself resigned in 1868. Courtney Kenny won the 1868 by-election.

Port Chalmers

Dick, who was elected on 17 March 1866, resigned on 15 October 1866. He successfully contested the 15 December 1866 by-election, but resigned again on 26 April 1867.^[47] David Forsyth Main successfully contested the 1867 by-election.

Raglan

Newman resigned in 1867. He was succeeded by James Farmer.

Rangitīkei

Watt resigned in 1868. He was succeeded by William Fox, who won the 1868 by-election.

Roslyn

Hepburn resigned in 1868. He was succeeded by Henry Driver.

Taieri

Reid resigned in 1869. He was succeeded by Henry Howorth.

Timaru

Cox resigned in 1868. He was succeeded by Edward Stafford.

Town of Lyttelton

Hargreaves resigned in 1867.^[28] He was succeeded by George Macfarlan, who won the 1867 by-election. Macfarlan died on 9 October 1868^[67] and was succeeded by John Thomas Peacock in a 2 November 1868 by-election.^[58]

Waikouaiti

Murison resigned in 1868 and was succeeded by Robert Mitchell. Mitchell himself resigned in the following year and was replaced by Francis Rich.

Waimea

Oliver resigned in 1867. He was succeeded by Edward Baigent.

Wallace

McNeil resigned in 1869 and was succeeded by Cuthbert Cowan. Cowan himself resigned in the same year he got elected and was replaced by George Webster.

Westland

The Westland Representation Act 1867 introduced changes to the Waimea and Westland electorates. Their areas were reassigned and four electorates formed. Waimea lost some area, but continued to exist. Westland was abolished in 1867. A new electorate (Westland Boroughs) was established, and Moorhouse was transferred to it. Other new electorates, for which by-elections were to be held, were Westland North and Westland South.^[68]^[21]

New electorate

Westland Boroughs

Westland Boroughs was established through the Westland Representation Act 1867, and Moorhouse transferred to it. He resigned in 1868, and William Henry Harrison won the resulting 1868 by-election.^[21]^[28]

Westland North

Westland North was established through the Westland Representation Act 1867. Timothy Gallagher was its first representative, elected in the 9 April 1868 by-election. He resigned on 13 May 1870 and was succeeded by Thomas Kynnersley following a 2 July 1870 by-election.^[56]^[69]

Westland South

Westland South was established through the Westland Representation Act 1867. Edmund Barff was its representative, elected in the 6 April 1868 by-election.^[35]

Māori electorates

The first elections for the new Māori electorates were held in 1868.

Eastern Maori

Tāreha Te Moananui was the first representative for the Eastern Maori electorate.

Northern Maori

Frederick Nene Russell was the first representative for the Northern Maori electorate.

Southern Maori

John Patterson was the first representative for the Southern Maori electorate.

Western Maori

Mete Kīngi Paetahi was the first representative for the Western Maori electorate.

Notes

[1]
"Opening of the New Zealand Parliament". Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle. Vol. XXV, no. 83. 7 July 1866. p. 3. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
[2]
Scholefield 1950, p. 68.
[3]
King 2003, p. ?.
[4]
"History Buildings and grounds". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
[5]
"Parliament timeline". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
[6]
King 2003, p. 533.
[7]
Scholefield 1950, p. 33.
[8]
Scholefield 1950, p. 34.
[9]
"The Representation Bill". North Otago Times. Vol. V, no. 89. 2 November 1865. p. 3. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
[10]
"Digest of General Assembly Laws". Daily Southern Cross. Vol. XXI, no. 2604. 22 November 1865. p. 5. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
[11]
"General elections 1853–2005 – dates & turnout". Elections New Zealand. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
[12]
"The New Parliament". Otago Witness. No. 751. 21 April 1866. p. 14. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
[13]
"Election Intelligence". Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle. Vol. XXV, no. 24. 22 February 1866. p. 2. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
[14]
Scholefield 1950, p. 145.
[15]
Scholefield 1950, p. 100.
[16]
Scholefield 1950, p. 148.
[17]
Scholefield 1950, p. 146.
[18]
Scholefield 1950, p. 99.
[19]
Scholefield 1950, p. 98.
[20]
"The Elections". Otago Witness. No. 747. 24 March 1866. p. 11. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
[21]
Scholefield 1950, p. 127.
[22]
Scholefield 1950, p. 106.
[23]
Scholefield 1950, p. 130.
[24]
Scholefield 1950, p. 121.
[25]
Scholefield 1950, p. 136.
[26]
Scholefield 1950, p. 135.
[27]
Scholefield 1950, p. 131.
[28]
Scholefield 1950, p. 112.
[29]
Scholefield 1950, p. 109.
[30]
Scholefield 1950, p. 117.
[31]
Scholefield 1950, p. 96.
[32]
Scholefield 1950, p. 111.
[33]
Scholefield 1950, p. 120.
[34]
Scholefield 1950, p. 149.
[35]
Scholefield 1950, p. 94.
[36]
Scholefield 1950, p. 115.
[37]
Scholefield 1950, p. 95.
[38]
Scholefield 1950, p. 124.
[39]
"The Napier election". Otago Witness. No. 749. 7 April 1866. p. 5. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
[40]
Scholefield 1950, p. 102.
[41]
Scholefield 1950, p. 140.
[42]
Scholefield 1950, p. 147.
[43]
"Mr. George Graham - NZETC". Cyclopedia Company Limited. New Zealand Electronic Text Centre. 1902. p. 104.
[44]
Scholefield 1950, p. 113.
[45]
Cyclopedia Company Limited 1908, p. 46.
[46]
Scholefield 1950, p. 93.
[47]
Scholefield 1950, p. 103.
[48]
Cyclopedia Company Limited 1906, p. 311.
[49]
Scholefield 1950, p. 97.
[50]
Scholefield 1950, p. 129.
[51]
Cyclopedia Company Limited 1903, p. 790.
[52]
Scholefield 1950, p. 134.
[53]
Scholefield 1950, p. 128.
[54]
Scholefield 1950, p. 105.
[55]
Scholefield 1950, p. 143.
[56]
Scholefield 1950, p. 108.
[57]
Scholefield 1950, p. 137.
[58]
Scholefield 1950, p. 132.
[59]
"Election of a Member for Lyttelton". The Star. No. 148. 2 November 1868. p. 2. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
[60]
"Election Intelligence". Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle. Vol. XXV, no. 26. 1 March 1866. p. 3. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
[61]
"Representation of Westland". West Coast Times. No. 158. 21 March 1866. p. 3. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
[62]
Wilson 1985, p. 267.
[63]
Scholefield 1950, p. 133.
[64]
"News of the Day". Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle. Vol. XXV, no. 97. 7 August 1866. p. 2. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
[65]
"Northern Division Election". Daily Southern Cross. Vol. XXIII, no. 3112. 8 July 1867. p. 4. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
[66]
"PENSIONER SETTLEMENTS ELECTION. RETURN OF MR. KERR". Daily Southern Cross. Vol. XXIII, no. 3135. 6 August 1867. p. 3. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
[67]
Scholefield 1950, p. 122.
[68]
"Westland Representation Act 1867 (31 Victoriae 1867 No 48)". Parliamentary Counsel Office. Retrieved 24 December 2010.
[69]
Scholefield 1950, p. 119.

References

Cyclopedia Company Limited (1902). The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Auckland Provincial District. Christchurch. Retrieved 23 June 2010.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Cyclopedia Company Limited (1903). "Southland". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Otago & Southland Provincial Districts. Christchurch. Retrieved 16 July 2010.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Cyclopedia Company Limited (1906). "Present And Past Members Of Parliament". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Nelson, Marlborough & Westland Provincial Districts. Christchurch. Retrieved 26 June 2010.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Cyclopedia Company Limited (1908). "Former Members Of The House Of Representatives". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Taranaki, Hawke's Bay & Wellington Provincial Districts. Christchurch. Retrieved 22 June 2010.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
King, Michael (2003). The Penguin History of New Zealand (20 ed.). Auckland: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-301867-1.
Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.

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