Year 583 (DLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 583 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

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• Abu Ubaidah, companion of Muhammad (d. 639)
• Liuva II, king of the Visigoths (d. 603)
• Theodosius, Byzantine co-emperor (approximate date)
• Umar, companion of Muhammad (d. 644) and second Caliph of Rashidun Caliphate
• Xiao Xian, prince of the Liang dynasty (d. 621)

• February 1 – Kan B'alam I, ruler of Palenque (b. 524)
• Miro, king of the Suevi (approximate date)