A1_autostrada_(Poland)

A1 autostrada (Poland)

A1 autostrada (Poland)

North–south motorway in Poland

The autostrada A1, officially named Amber Highway (Polish: Autostrada Bursztynowa) in Poland is a north–south motorway that runs through central Poland, from Gdańsk (on the Baltic Sea) through Łódź and the Upper Silesian Industry Area (to the west of Katowice) to the Polish-Czech border in Gorzyczki/Věřňovice, where it is connected with the Czech motorway D1. Its total length is 566.6 km (352.1 mi). Except for its southernmost section, A1 is a part of European route E75.

Quick Facts Autostrada A1, Route information ...
A1 near Grudziądz, northern (Gdańsk - Grudziądz) section.
2005 photo of partially completed bridge over the Vistula river in Toruń-Czerniewice on the Torun bypass, with only one carriageway finished and pillars for the planned second one. The bridge was opened with dual carriageways in fall of 2011 and became part of A1.
Southern part of the Gliwice-Sośnica interchange of A1 motorway, A4 motorway, national road 44 and voivodeship road 902, the largest motorway junction in Europe,[1] opened 2009-2010
800 meter bridge in Knurow near Gliwice
400 meter bridge in Mszana near Wodzisław Śląski

The motorway was constructed between 2005 and 2022. The section from Gdańsk to Toruń is tolled (see Tolls).

History of construction

The construction of the A1 motorway has been a highly politicized issue in Poland, as it is perceived to be an economically vital road that would connect the country's major ports on the Baltic coast with both central and southern Poland. One short fragment (17 km) was constructed in years 1978 – 1989, one of the first motorway stretches built under communist regime. Since 1989 various governments and political parties have supported an accelerated construction schedule for this motorway, without results.

After many delays, caused mainly by lack of funding, construction started in 2005. The main part of the motorway was constructed in years 2005 – 2014: about 395 km (70% of the route's length) have been built within this period. By July 2016 (when a delayed Łódź bypass section was finished), the route has been completed except for those sections where the old national road 1 had already been a dual carriageway, allowing for a significantly lower priority of constructing a motorway on this remaining stretch compared to construction of other highways.

The section from Częstochowa to Pyrzowice was constructed in years 2016 – 2020. The remaining section from Tuszyn to Częstochowa was constructed in years 2019 – 2022, which also included an upgrade of the 17 km long pre-1989 stretch.

Gdańsk to Stryków

This section was built in stages between 2005 and 2014. First, a 25 km (16 mi) section was opened on 22 December 2007, near Gdańsk, extending the S6 bypass expressway, and a remaining 65 km (40 mi) opened on 17 October 2008. The 62 km extension of the motorway to Toruń opened on 14 October 2011. In November 2012 a 75 km (47 mi) long section from Kowal to Łódź Północ interchange in Stryków was opened, followed by 45 km (28 mi) extension from Toruń to Włocławek in December 2013. Missing Włocławek-Kowal section was completed in April 2014.

Stryków to Pyrzowice

The oldest section of this segment, a 17.5 km (11 mi) stretch as the Piotrków Trybunalski bypass, was built between 1978 and 1989. This was one of the very few stretches of motorway built in Poland under the Communist regime. In addition, the section from Częstochowa to Piotrków Trybunalski was built in the 1970s as a dual carriageway road on a motorway alignment. However, it lacked motorway interchanges, and instead had standard intersections with no grade separation, regulated by traffic lights.

On 22 January 2009 a contract was signed for the construction of the 180 km (110 mi) section from Stryków (junction with motorway A2) to Pyrzowice.[2] Under the terms of the contract, the segment from Stryków to Częstochowa (123 km (76 mi)) was to be finished by May 2012, while the remaining segment from Częstochowa to Pyrzowice (57 km (35 mi)) was to be finished by January 2014 (60 months after the signing of the contract). The motorway was to be built within a Private-Public Partnership framework by company Autostrada Południe. The contract included the rebuilding of an already existing stretch of A1 motorway (opened in 1989) as well as the upgrade of the existing dual-carriageway road between Piotrków Trybunalski and Częstochowa. On 23 January 2010 the contract was cancelled as the company was not able to secure financing.[3] It carried out the design project of the motorway however, which according to the Polish government was to make it possible for construction to begin in 2010 by new contractors, and be finished by 2012. However, the design project turned out to be full of flaws and needed to be redone.[4]

The section from Łódź Północ interchange to Tuszyn interchange was opened in 2016. The section from Pyrzowice to Częstochowa began construction in 2016, and was finished in 2020. Reconstruction of the remaining dual-carriageway stretch from Częstochowa to Piotrków Trybunalski began in 2019 and finished in 2022.

Pyrzowice to border with Czech Republic

At the southern end of the motorway, construction of a 15.5 km (9.6 mi) section from Gliwice-Sośnica to Bełk, part of the southernmost section from the junction with the A4 motorway at Sośnica district of Gliwice to the Czech border, began on 26 March 2007 and was completed in December 2009. The remainder of the 48 km (30 mi) long section from A4 to the border was opened in different stages from 2009 till 2014. Construction of the 43 km (27 mi) section from Pyrzowice to Gliwice-Sośnica began in 2009 and was fully completed by June 2012. The section from Pyrzowice to Piekary Śląskie has quickly deteriorated into very poor condition due to the materials used for its foundation, and is planned to be repaired.[5]

On 15 December 2009 the Polish government announced the cancelling of the contract for building the Świerklany - Gorzyczki (Czech border) section, citing the unacceptably slow pace of construction by Alpine Bau GmbH.[6] The government solicited new bids for this section in April 2010[6] and the bid was won by the same company that lost the original contract, and construction resumed in October 2010.[7] The original plan was for the road to be ready in the Summer of 2010,[6] and according to the new contract it was to be ready in April 2012, in time for Euro 2012 championships. Alpine Bau GmbH abandoned their second effort to finish this section in May 2013.[8] It was finally opened in May 2014.

Sections of the motorway

More information Motorway section, Length ...

Exit list

More information Country, Voivodeship ...


See also

References

  1. [1]
    "Podpisano umowę na największy węzeł autostradowy w Europie :: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad - Serwis informacyjny". www.gddkia.gov.pl. Retrieved 2020-07-12.
  2. [2]
    News on GDDKiA official web portal
  3. [3]
    biznes.onet.pl article Jan. 23, 2009 Archived January 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  4. [4]
    Ostre hamowanie A1 w Pyrzowicach
  5. [5]
    "Odwierty na odcinku autostrady A1. Co się stało?".
  6. [6]
    biznes.onet.pl article, 15 December 2009 Archived 12 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  7. [7]
    Announcement on official www.gddkia.gov.pl
  8. [8]
    constructionpoland.com article on abandonment, 20 May 2013
  9. [9]
    "Minister: autostrada A1 do Łodzi dopiero za rok". Archived from the original on 2012-09-10. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
  10. [10]
    Walsh, John (September 14, 2012). "Sisk to sue Poland over road project". Irish Examiner.
  11. [11]
    Salini dokończy budowę A1. Umowy podpisane
  12. [12]
    "Gazeta Wyborcza". Archived from the original on 2013-12-21. Retrieved 2013-12-21.
  13. [13]
    Umowa na budowę odcinka autostrady A1 w kierunku Katowic
  14. [14]
    "Nareszcie. Autostradą A1 dojedziemy do Włocławka. Już w listopadzie". Archived from the original on 2012-10-24. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  15. [15]
    "Autostrada A1. Bez szans na oddanie w terminie". Archived from the original on 2013-10-11. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
  16. [16]
    "Budowa autostrady A1. Kiedy dokończą obwodnicę Łodzi?". Archived from the original on 2014-01-29. Retrieved 2014-01-24.
  17. [17]
    "Final piece of A1 to be completed by Budimex and Strabag for PLN 327 MLN | WBJ". Archived from the original on 2014-10-07. Retrieved 2014-10-03.
  18. [18]
    "Autostrada A1 - obwodnica Częstochowy w końcu gotowa!". AutoŚwiat.pl. 2019-12-22. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
  19. [19]
    "Autostradowy cud przed świętami. GDDKiA w poniedziałek otworzy A1 wokół Częstochowy". Forsal.pl. 2019-12-20. Retrieved 2019-12-20.
  20. [20]
    "Przybyło nam kolejne 28 km autostrad". Bankier.pl. 2012-06-01. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
  21. [21]
    Autostrada A1 otwarta z Maciejowa do Sośnicy!
  22. [22]
    GDDKiA official announcement
  23. [23]
    Autostrada A1. Nie zdążą przed Euro 2012 Archived April 9, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  24. [24]
    Naprawa mostu na autostradzie A1 wystraszyła inwestorów. Gmina załamana
  25. [25]
    Alpine Bau nie dokończy mostu w Mszanie na autostradzie A1
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