AD_1563
1563
Calendar year
Year 1563 (MDLXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Quick Facts
| Gregorian calendar | 1563 MDLXIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2316 |
| Armenian calendar | 1012 ԹՎ ՌԺԲ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6313 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1484–1485 |
| Bengali calendar | 970 |
| Berber calendar | 2513 |
| English Regnal year | 5 Eliz. 1 – 6 Eliz. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2107 |
| Burmese calendar | 925 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7071–7072 |
| Chinese calendar | 壬戌年 (Water Dog) 4260 or 4053 — to — 癸亥年 (Water Pig) 4261 or 4054 |
| Coptic calendar | 1279–1280 |
| Discordian calendar | 2729 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1555–1556 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5323–5324 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1619–1620 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1484–1485 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4663–4664 |
| Holocene calendar | 11563 |
| Igbo calendar | 563–564 |
| Iranian calendar | 941–942 |
| Islamic calendar | 970–971 |
| Japanese calendar | Eiroku 6 (永禄６年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1482–1483 |
| Julian calendar | 1563 MDLXIII |
| Korean calendar | 3896 |
| Minguo calendar | 349 before ROC 民前349年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 95 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2105–2106 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳水狗年 (male Water-Dog) 1689 or 1308 or 536 — to — 阴水猪年 (female Water-Pig) 1690 or 1309 or 537 |
Close
January–March
- January 2 (January 2, 1562 O.S., January 11, 1563 N.S.) – The convocation of bishops and clerics of the Church of England is opened at St Paul's Cathedral in London by the Dean of the Arches, Robert Weston to agree upon the wording of what will become the Thirty-nine Articles, with the assembly adopting all but three of the Forty-two Articles promulgated during the reign of King Edward VI in 1553. The conference lasts for three months before agreeing upon the Articles to be submitted for further modification.
- January 25 – In Italy, Instituto Bancario San Paolo di Torino, a constituent of the major financial group Sanpaolo IMI, is founded.[1]
- February 1 – Sarsa Dengel succeeds his father Menas as Emperor of Ethiopia at age 14.[2][3]
- February 18 – Francis, Duke of Guise, is assassinated while besieging Orléans by Jean de Poltrot.[4]
- March 19 – The Edict of Amboise is signed at the Château d'Amboise by Catherine de' Medici, acting as regent for her son Charles IX of France, having been negotiated between the Huguenot Louis, Prince of Condé, and Anne, duc de Montmorency, Constable of France. It accords some toleration to the Huguenots, especially to aristocrats.[5] It officially ends the first phase of the French Wars of Religion,[6] and the combined Huguenot and royal armies then march north to besiege the English in Le Havre.[7]
April–June
- April 5 – The English galleon ship HMS Grehound strikes a sandbar off of the coast of Rye, East Sussex and sinks with all hands in the English Channel, including the Admiral of the Narrow Seas, John Malyn.[8]
- April 10 – Royal assent is given by Queen Elizabeth of England to parliamentary approval of multiple laws, including the Highways Act 1562 (requiring all householders in a parish to provide six days labor per year on building highways); the Poor Act 1562 (providing for fines for persons who refuse to contribute to a fund for relief of the poor); the Supremacy of the Crown Act 1562 (making refusal to swear allegiance to the monarch punishable as treason); and the Witchcraft Act 1562 (limiting the death penalty for witchcraft to cases where a defendant caused another person's death)
- April 23 – The cornerstone is laid for the construction of El Escorial, the royal palace for the monarch of Spain.[9] Construction will not be finished for 21 more years, with completion on September 13, 1584.
- May 5 (3rd day of 4th month, Eiroku 6) – The Battle of Yudokoru takes place in Japan at the Inaba Province (now the eastern Tottori Prefecture) as Takanobu Takeda defeats the shogun Toyokazu Yamana
- May 25 – Elizabeth College, Guernsey is founded, by order of Queen Elizabeth I of England.[10]
- May 30 – At Bornholm, the Danish fleet fires on the Swedish navy, leading to a Danish defeat and precipitating the Northern Seven Years' War.[11]
- June 4 – The Parliament of Scotland passes the Witchcraft Act, making both the practice of witchcraft, and the act of consulting with witches, punishable by burning at the stake.[12][13]
July–September
- July 28 – The English surrender Le Havre to the French after a siege.[14]
- August 13 – Northern Seven Years' War: Denmark–Norway and the Free City of Lübeck declare war against the Kingdom of Sweden.
- August 18 – Merchants from the Bungo Province destroy the Portuguese settlement in Yokoseura, Japan
- September 4 – Northern Seven Years' War: King Frederick II of Denmark, advancing from Halland, takes Old Älvsborg from Sweden.[15]
October–December
- October 7 – Giovanni Battista Lercari is elected as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa.
- November 9 – The Army of Sweden, under the command of King King Erik XIV, suffers a severe defeat in the Battle of Mared against the Army of Denmark, commanded by King Frederik II.[16] In the battle, near what is now the city of Oskarström in Sweden, the Swedes suffer at least 2,500 casualties. The Swedish Army is able to retreat and rebuild, but the Danes plunder the village of Övraby, which is never rebuilt.
- November 11 – The Council of Trent amends existing Roman Catholic canon law to deter unannounced marriages. In order for a marriage to be recognized by the Church, the names of the bridge and groom are to be announced publicly in a chapel during Mass, and registered with the parish priests of both parties.
- December 4 – The Council of Trent (which had opened on December 13, 1545) officially closes.[17] It reaffirms all major Roman Catholic doctrines, and declares the Deuterocanonical books of the Old Testament to be canonical, along with the rest of the Bible. Chapter 1, Session 24, promulgates the decree Tametsi, stipulating that for a marriage to be valid, consent (the essence of marriage) as expressed in the vows has to be given publicly before witnesses, one of whom has to be the parish priest.
- January – Penelope Blount, Countess of Devonshire, English noblewoman (d. 1607)[18]
- January 6
- Johann Christoph von Westerstetten, German bishop (d. 1637)[19]
- Martin Becanus, Belgian Jesuit priest (d. 1624)[20]
- January 19 – Leonhard Hutter, German theologian (d. 1616)[21]
- January 29 – William Slingsby, English army officer (d. 1634)[22]
- January 30 – Franciscus Gomarus, Dutch theologian (d. 1641)[23]
- March 5 – John Coke, English politician (d. 1644)[24]
- March 29 – Sir Miles Sandys, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1645)[25]
- April 15 – Guru Arjan Dev, fifth Sikh leader (d. 1606)[26]
- May 9 – Frederick IV of Fürstenberg, German noble (d. 1617)[27]
- June 1 – Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, English statesman and spymaster (d. 1612)[28]
- June 4 – George Heriot, Scottish goldsmith and philanthropist (d. 1624)[29]
- July 19 – Lamoral, 1st Prince of Ligne (d. 1624)[30]
- September 4 – Wanli Emperor of China (d. 1620)[31]
- September 15 – Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst, Electress of Brandenburg (d. 1607)[32]
- September 18 – Agnes of Limburg-Styrum, Abbess of Elten, Vreden, Borghorst and Freckenhorst (d. 1645)[33]
- September 27 – Thomas Freke, English politician (d. 1633)[34]
- September 30 – Enno III, Count of East Frisia, Count of Ostfriesland from 1599 to 1625 from the Cirksena family (d. 1625)[35]
- October 4 – Dorothea of Saxony, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (d. 1587)[36]
- October 13 – Francis Caracciolo, Italian Catholic priest (d. 1608)[37]
- October 14 – Jodocus Hondius, Flemish artist (d. 1633)[38]
- October 28 – Berlinghiero Gessi, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1639)[39]
- October 30 – Sophie of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Duchess of Hunters Village (d. 1639)[40]
- November 5 – Countess Anna of Nassau (d. 1588)[41]
- November 8 – Henry II, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1624)[42]
- November 19 – Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English statesman (d. 1626)[43]
- November 20 – Sophie of Württemberg, German noble (d. 1590)[44]
- November 28 – Hosokawa Tadaoki, Japanese daimyō (d. 1646)
- December 2 – Mutio Vitelleschi, Italian Superior General of the Society of Jesus (d. 1645)[45]
- December 19 – Lord William Howard, English nobleman (d. 1640)[46]
- December 20 – Juan Fernandez Pacheco, 5th Duke of Escalona, Spanish noble and diplomat (d. 1615)[47]
- date unknown
- Charles Blount, 1st Earl of Devonshire (d. 1606)[48]
- Louise Bourgeois Boursier, French Royal midwife (d. 1636)[49]
- John Dowland, English composer (d. 1626)[50]
- Michael Drayton, English poet (d. 1631)[51]
- Scipione Gentili, Italian legal scholar (d. 1616)[52]
- Anna Guarini, Italian virtuoso singer (d. 1598)[53]
- Hosokawa Gracia, Japanese noblewoman (d. 1600)[54]
- Heo Nanseolheon, Korean poet (d. 1589)[55]
- Marcin Kazanowski, Polish nobleman (d. 1636)[56]
- Zygmunt Kazanowski, Polish nobleman (d. 1634)[57]
- Robert Naunton, English politician and writer (d. 1635)[58]
- Pedro Fernandes de Queirós, Portuguese seaman and explorer (d. 1614)[59]
- Mariana de Jesús Torres, Spanish nun and mystic (d. 1635)[60]
- Joshua Sylvester, English poet (d. 1618)[61]
- Jean Titelouze, French organist and composer (d. 1633)[62]
- Yi Su-gwang, Korean scholar (d. 1628)[63]
- Henri, Duke of Joyeuse, French general (d. 1608)[64]
- January 4 – Elisabeth of Hesse, Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken, later Countess Palatine of Simmern (b. 1503)[65]
- February 1 – Emperor Menas of Ethiopia (fever) (b. 1559)[66]
- February 4 – Wilhelm von Brandenburg, Archbishop of Riga (b. 1498)[67]
- February 24 – Francis, Duke of Guise, French soldier and politician (shot) (b. 1519)[68]
- March 2 – Ercole Gonzaga, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1505)[69]
- March 17 – Girolamo Seripando, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1493)[70]
- March 19 – Arthur Brooke, English poet[71]
- March 24 – Hosokawa Harumoto, Japanese military leader (b. 1514)
- March 28 – Heinrich Glarean, Swiss music theorist (b. 1488)[72]
- April 15 – Bernhard VIII, Count of Lippe (b. 1527)[73]
- April 30 – Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford, English baron (b. 1501)[74]
- May 21 – Martynas Mažvydas, author of the first printed book in Lithuanian (b. 1510)[75]
- June 10 – William Paget, 1st Baron Paget, English statesman (b. 1506)[76]
- June 24 – Prince Yuri of Uglich (b. 1532)[77]
- August 11 – Bartolomé de Escobedo, Spanish composer (b. 1500)[78]
- August 18 – Étienne de La Boétie, French judge and writer (b. 1530)[79]
- August 30 – Wolfgang Musculus, German theologian (b. 1497)[80]
- September 17 – Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland, English soldier (b. 1526)[81]
- October 31 – Anthony Kitchin, British bishop (b. 1471)[82]
- November
- December 1 – Yi Gwang-sik, Korean politician and general (b. 1493)
- December 29
- Sebastian Castellio, French theologian (b. 1515)[85]
- Thomas Naogeorgus, German playwright (b. 1508)[86]
- date unknown
- Odet de Selve, French diplomat (b. c. 1504)[87]
- James Bruce, Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile, vol. 4 (J. Ruthven, 1790) p.97
- Pankhurst, Richard (1967). The Ethiopian Royal Chronicles. Oxford University Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-608-11625-9. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
- Sutherland, N. M. (June 1981). "The Assassination of François Duc de Guise, February 1563". The Historical Journal. 24 (2): 279–295. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00005471. ISSN 1469-5103. S2CID 159857086. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
- Thompson, James Westfall (1909). The wars of religion in France, 1559-1576; the Huguenots, Catherine de Medici and Philip II. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. pp. 190–191. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
- Roberts, Penny (2013). "Phases of Peace". Peace and Authority during the French Religious Wars c.1560–1600. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 29–50. doi:10.1057/9781137326751_3. ISBN 978-1-137-32675-1. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
- Galland, J. A. (1898). Essai sur l'histoire du protestantisme à Caen et en Basse-Normandie de l'Edit de Nantes à la Révolution (1598-1791) (in French). Grassart. p. xxiv. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
- N.A.M. Rodger, The Safeguard of the Sea: A Naval History of Britain, Volume 1: 660 to 1649 (Penguin, 1997) p.198
- "The Monastery of El Escorial: all its history". Ingeo Expert. January 23, 2020. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
- Collenette, V. G. (1963). Elizabeth College. The Guernsey Press Co. p. 1. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
- Lavery, Jason (October 25, 2021). "Germany's Northern Challenge: The Holy Roman Empire and the Scandinavian Struggle for the Baltic 1563-1576". Germany's Northern Challenge. Brill. pp. 14–16. ISBN 978-90-04-47570-0. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
- Lizanne Henderson, Witchcraft and Folk Belief in the Age of Enlightenment: Scotland, 1670-1740 (Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016) p.329
- "The Witchcraft Act and its Impact in Scotland, 1563-1736". Historic Environment Scotland. June 10, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2023.
- "Elizabeth: July 1563, 21-31". www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
- Svenska slagfält (in Swedish). Wahlström & Widstrand. 2003. p. 103. ISBN 978-91-46-20225-7. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
- of Mared, 9 November 1563, by J. Rickard, HistoryofWar.org, July 24, 2007
- Jean Delumeau (1977). Catholicism Between Luther and Voltaire: A New View of the Counter-Reformation. Burns & Oates. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-664-21341-1.
- Stedall, Robert (June 30, 2022). Elizabeth I's Final Years: Her Favourites and Her Fighting Men. Pen and Sword History. p. xxxv. ISBN 978-1-3990-8318-8. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
- Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Numismatischen Gesellschaft (in German). Kress & Hornung. 1885. p. 102. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
- New Catholic Encyclopedia: Baa-Cam. Thomson/Gale. 2003. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-7876-4006-4. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
- Röser-Israel, Lars (November 22, 2021). Verteidigung der Wahrheit: Leonhard Hutter (1563–1616) als Universitätslehrer und Kontroverstheologe (in German). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 20. ISBN 978-3-11-075677-7. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
- "SLINGSBY, William (1563-1634)". www.historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
- Nagtglas, Frederik (1890). Levensberichten van Zeeuwen: Zijnde een vervolg op P. de la Rue, Geletterd, staatkundig en heldhaftig Zeeland (in Dutch). J.C. & W. Altorffer. p. 277. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
- "COKE, John (1563-1644)". www.historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
- Cokayne, George Edward (1900). Complete Baronetage: English baronetcies, 1611-1625 and Irish, 1618-1625. W. Pollard & Company, Limited. p. 89. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
- Life and work of Guru Arjan : history, memory, and biography in the Sikh tradition. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 2006. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-19-567921-2. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
- Allgemeine Encyclopädie (in German). F. A. Brockhaus. 1850. p. 493. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
- Haynes, Alan (1989). Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, 1563-1612: Servant of Two Sovereigns. P. Owen. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-7206-0716-1. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
- Stephen, Leslie (1891). Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. p. 244. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
- Janson, E. M. C. M. (1972). Uit de geschiedenis van Wassenaar (in Dutch). Kruseman. p. 31. ISBN 978-90-233-0264-3. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
- Kirchner, Ernst Daniel Martin (1867). Die Churfürstinnen und Königinnen auf dem Throne der Hohenzollern: Im Zusammenhange mit ihren Familien-u. Zeit-Verhältnissen;aus d. Quellen. ¬Die letzten acht Churfürstinnen, mit deren Bildnissen (in German). Wiegandt & Grieben. p. 40. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
- Westfälische Lebensbilder (in German). Aschendorff. 1930. p. 1. ISBN 978-3-402-05951-7. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
- "FREKE, Thomas (1563-1633". www.historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
- Wiarda, Tileman Dothias (1793). Ostfriesische Geschichte. 2. Aufl: Von 1540 bis 1611. 3 (in German). August Friedrich Winter. p. 308. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
- Neues Archiv für Sächsische Geschichte und Altertumskunde (in German). Wilhelm Baensch. 1886. p. 156. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
- Catholic Encyclopedia. Appleton. 1909. p. 218. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
- Bulletin de la Société belge d'études géographiques: Tijdschrift van de Belgische Vereniging voor Aardrijkskundige studies (in French). Société belge d'études géographiques. 1964. p. 241. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
- "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of January 19, 1626". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
- Hammerbacher, G. A. (1867). Historische Beschreibung der Stadt Nürnberg: von ihrem Anfang bis auf unsere Zeit (in German). Stich. p. 490. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Dönges, Carl (1909). Wilhelm der Schweiger und Nassau-Dillenburg: beiträge zu den beziehungen des Oraniers zu seinen stammlanden (in German). Weidenbach. p. 158. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Pfister, Christian (1909). Histoire de Nancy (in French). Berger-Levrault. p. 252. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Hay, Millicent V. (1984). The life of Robert Sidney, Earl of Leicester (1563-1626). Washington, D.C.: Folger Shakespeare Library. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-918016-70-6. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Erörterungen auf dem Gebiete der sächsischen Münz- und Medaillen-Geschichte: bei Verzeichnung der Hofrath Engelhardt'schen Sammlung (in German). Erbstein. 1888. p. 95. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Patrignani, Giuseppe Antonio (1730). Menologio Di Pie Memorie d'alcuni Religiosi Della Compagnia Di Gesu'.: che contiene Gennajo, Febbrajo, e Marzo. Tomo Primo (in Italian). Presso Niccolò Pezzana. p. 98. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- The Transactions of the East Riding Antiquarian Society. The Society. 1904. p. 91. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Béthencourt, Francisco Fernández de (1900). Historia genealógica y heráldica de la monarquia española: casa real y grandes de España (in Spanish). tip. de E. Teodoro. p. 246. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Falls, Cyril (1955). Mountjoy, Elizabethan General. Odhams Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-7-240-00943-7. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Dunn, P. M. (March 1, 2004). "Louise Bourgeois (1563–1636): royal midwife of France". Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 89 (2): F185–F187. doi:10.1136/adc.2003.037929. ISSN 1359-2998. PMC 1756029. PMID 14977911. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- David Mason Greene; Constance Green (1985). Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers. Reproducing Piano Roll Fnd. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-385-14278-6.
- Harold Bloom (1986). The New Moulton's Library of Literary Criticism: Elizabethan-Caroline. Chelsea House Publishers. p. 1184. ISBN 978-0-87754-781-5.
- "GENTILI, Scipione". Treccani (in Italian). Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Stras, Laurie (September 27, 2018). Women and Music in Sixteenth-Century Ferrara. Cambridge University Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-1-107-15407-0. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Roldán-Figueroa, Rady (June 22, 2021). The Martyrs of Japan: Publication History and Catholic Missions in the Spanish World (Spain, New Spain, and the Philippines, 1597–1700) (21 ed.). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-45806-2. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Lee, Hai-soon; Yi, Hye-sun (January 1, 2005). The Poetic World of Classic Korean Women Writers. Ewha Womans University Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-89-7300-627-4. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Brodowski, Samuel (1850). Żywoty hetmanów Królestwa Polskiego i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego (in Polish). Czasopisma Wojskowe. p. 121. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Szymanowski, Wojciech (1851). Dykcyonarz biograficzny powszechny, czyli Krótkie wspomnienia żywotów ludzi wsławionych cnotą, mądrością, przemysłem, męstwem, wynalazkami, błędami: Od początku świata do najnowszych czasów (in Polish). Glücksberg. p. 596. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- "NAUNTON, Robert (c.1563-1635)". historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Pedro Fernandez de Quiros (1563–1615). National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help) - Paniagua Pérez, Jesús (1996). Los inicios del monacato femenino en Quito: Mariana de Jesús. Universidad País Vasco. ISBN 9788475857299. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Bartas, Guillaume de Salluste Du (1908). The Divine Weeks of Josuah Sylvester. H.M. Youmans. p. xi. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Pirro, André (1898). Les organistes français du 17e siècle: Jean Titelouze, 1563-1633. Conférence prononcée dans la salle de la Société Saint-Jean, le 24 mars, 1898. Paris Schola cantorum. p. 4. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Caillières, Jacques de (1728). Histoire du duc de Joyeuse ou le Courtisan predestiné (in French). Musier. p. 21. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
- HOFFMEISTER, Jacob Christoph Carl (1874). Historisch-genealogisches Handbuch über alle Linien des hohen Regentenhauses Hessen, etc (in German). Marburg: Oscar Ehrhardt's University Bookstore. p. 26. Retrieved November 4, 2023.
- Saheed A. Adejumobi (2007). The History of Ethiopia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 178. ISBN 978-0-313-32273-0.
- Russlands, Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde der Ostseeprovinzen (1892). Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde der Ostseeprovinzen Russlands (in German). Druck von W. F. Häcker. p. 12. Retrieved November 4, 2023.
- LIBERGE, Marin (1846). Le Siège de Poitiers; suivi de la bataille de Moncontour et du siège de Saint-Jean d'Angély. Nouvelle édition, annotée par H. Beauchet-Filleau (in French). Letang. p. 214. Retrieved November 4, 2023.
- "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of May 3, 1527". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved November 4, 2023.
- "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of February 26, 1561". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved November 4, 2023.
- "Brooke, Arthur". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/3494. Retrieved November 4, 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Eggeling, Georg (1899). Tonkünstler-Lexikon (in German). C.F. Vieweg. p. 92. Retrieved November 4, 2023.
- Oeynhausen, Julius Graf von (1870). Geschichte des Geschlechts von Oeynhausen: aus gedruckten und ungedruckten Quellen (in German). Schöningh. p. 169. Retrieved November 4, 2023.
- "Stafford, Henry". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26205. Retrieved November 4, 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Kaunas, Domas; Koženiauskienė, Regina (1998). Martynas Mažvydas and Old Lithuania: Collection of Papers. Pradai. p. 133. ISBN 978-9986-943-14-3. Retrieved November 4, 2023.
- Gammon, Samuel Rhea (1973). Statesman and schemer ; William, First Lord Paget, Tudor Minister. Hamden: Archon Books. p. 249. ISBN 978-0-208-01405-4. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
- Соборы русской церкви: материалы IX Российской научной конференции посвященной Памяти святителя Макария (in Russian). Можайск-Терра. 2002. p. 22. ISBN 978-5-7542-0107-1. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
- "Bartolomé de Escobedo". dbe.rah.es. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
- Nettlau, Max (1925). Der Vorfrühling der Anarchie: ihre historische Entwicklung von den Anfängen bis zum Jahre 1864 (in German). Der Syndikalist. p. 40. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
- Dellsperger, Rudolf; Freudenberger, Rudolf; Weber, Wolfgang E. J. (September 25, 2017). Wolfgang Musculus (1497–1563) und die oberdeutsche Reformation (in German). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 23. ISBN 978-3-05-007447-4. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
- "Manners, Henry, second earl of Rutland". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17995. Retrieved November 5, 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- "KITCHIN, ANTHONY (alias Dunstan before his consecration), 1477 - 1563; bishop of Llandaff, 1545-63 | Dictionary of Welsh Biography". biography.wales. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
- "John Bale | English bishop and author". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 28, 2019.
- Un brief et vray récit de la prinse de Térouane et Hedin (in French). Fr.-J. Olivier. 1872. p. xvii. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
- Jones, Iorwerth (December 1983). "Sebastien Castellion Apostle of Religious Liberty". The Expository Times. 95 (3): 72–76. doi:10.1177/001452468309500303. ISSN 0014-5246. S2CID 171017370. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
- Theobald, Leonhard (1908). Das Leben und Wirken des Tendenzdramatikers der Reformationszeit Thomas Naogeorgus seit seiner Flucht aus Sachsen (in German). M. Heinsius nachfolger. p. 103. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
- Correspondance politique de Odet de Selve, ambassadeur de France en Angleterre (1546-1549);. Paris: F. Alcan. 1888. p. xx. Retrieved November 5, 2023.