Abbey_Craig
The Abbey Craig is the hill upon which the Wallace Monument stands, at Causewayhead, just to the north of Stirling, Scotland.
| Abbey Craig | |
|---|---|
Abbey Craig with Wallace Monument on top | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 111 m (364 ft) |
| Prominence | 83 m (272 ft)[1] |
| Coordinates | 56°08′18″N 3°55′05″W |
| Geography | |
| OS grid | NS809956 |
| Topo map | OS Landranger 57 |
The Abbey Craig is part of a complex quartz-dolerite intrusion or sill within carboniferous strata, at the western edge of the Central Coal Field, known as the Stirling Sill.[2]
The quartz-dolerite, being much harder than the surrounding coal measures, has been exposed due to erosion, including by glaciation. The characteristic crag and tail shape of the crag reflects this glacial shaping.
Craig, or crag, describes a post-glacial crag and tail landscape feature. The abbey is Cambuskenneth Abbey,[3] on the north bank of the River Forth, about 1 km to the south.
The hill is the site of William Wallace's HQ ahead of the battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297, which was part of the Scottish Wars of Independence.
The hilltop was also defended during the Early Medieval Period, and features a vitrified hillfort,[4] destroyed by fire in the 6th or 7th centuries AD and then refortified in 8th or 9th centuries AD, as demonstrated by two phases of archaeological excavation, the first by SUAT Archaeology in 2001 and the second by Murray Cook, Stirling Council's Archaeologist in 2012.[5][6]
- "Abbey Craig". www.hill-bagging.co.uk.
- Loughlin, S. C. "Wallstane". Geological Conservation Review. 27. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
- Ross, David. R. (1999). "Stirlin Bidge". On the Trail of William Wallace. Dundurn. ISBN 9780946487479. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
- Historic Environment Scotland. "Abbey Craig (47113)". Canmore. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
- "Prehistoric Archaeology Blog". prehistoricarch.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on 31 October 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
- "Abbey Craig: Not just another Iron-Age hillfort : Archaeology News from Past Horizons". Archived from the original on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
