Alexander_Dallas_Bache
Alexander Dallas Bache
American scientist (1806–1867)
Alexander Dallas Bache (July 19, 1806 – February 17, 1867) was an American physicist, scientist, and surveyor who erected coastal fortifications and conducted a detailed survey to map the mideastern United States coastline. Originally an army engineer, he later became Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey, and built it into the foremost scientific institution in the country before the American Civil War.
Alexander Dallas Bache | |
|---|---|
A 19th century illustration of Bache and his signature | |
| 6th Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey | |
| In office 1843–1867 | |
| President | |
| Preceded by | Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler |
| Succeeded by | Benjamin Peirce |
| 1st President of the National Academy of Sciences | |
| In office 1863–1867 | |
| Succeeded by | Joseph Henry |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1806-07-19)July 19, 1806 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | February 17, 1867(1867-02-17) (aged 60) Newport, Rhode Island, U.S. |
| Resting place | Congressional Cemetery |
| Spouse | Nancy Clark Fowler |
| Children | 1 |
| Alma mater | US Military Academy |
| Known for | coastal mapping project |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | University of Pennsylvania |
Bache was born in Philadelphia,[1] the son of Richard Bache, Jr., and Sophia Burrell Dallas Bache. He came from a family prominent in American politics. He was the nephew of Vice-President George M. Dallas and naval hero Alexander J. Dallas, the grandson of Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Dallas, and the great-grandson of Benjamin Franklin.[2]
United States Army
After graduating from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1825, as first in his class, he was an assistant professor of engineering there for some time.[3] As a second lieutenant in the United States Army Corps of Engineers, he was engaged in the construction of Fort Adams in Newport, Rhode Island.[3] Bache resigned from the Army on June 1, 1829.
University of Pennsylvania
Bache was a professor of natural philosophy and chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania from 1828 to 1841 and again from 1842 to 1843.[3] He spent 1836–1838 in Europe on behalf of the trustees of what became Girard College; he was named president of the college after his return.[4] Abroad, he examined European education systems, and on his return he published a valuable report.[1] From 1839 to 1842, he served as the first president of Central High School of Philadelphia, one of the oldest public high schools in the United States.[3]
U.S. Coast Survey
In 1843, on the death of Professor Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler, Bache was appointed superintendent of the United States Coast Survey.[1] He convinced the United States Congress of the value of this work and, by means of the liberal aid it granted, he completed the mapping of the whole coast by a skillful division of labor and the erection of numerous observing stations.[1] In addition, geomagnetic and meteorological data were collected.[1] Bache served as head of the Coast Survey for 24 years (until his death).
- Elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1829.[5]
- Elected an Associate Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1845.[6]
- Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh on March 15, 1858,[7]
- Elected Foreign Member of the Royal Society on May 24, 1860.
After the Civil War, Bache was elected a 3rd Class Companion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS) in consideration of his contributions to the war effort.
He married Nancy Clark Fowler on September 30, 1838, in Newport, Rhode Island. She was born in Newport and died on January 13, 1870, in Philadelphia. She assisted in the publication of much of his work. They adopted one son, Henry Wood Bache (1839–1878).[8]
He died at Newport, Rhode Island] on February 17, 1867, from cerebral softening.[1] He was buried in the Congressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C., under a monument designed by architect Henry Hobson Richardson.
- Two survey ships were named for him, the A. D. Bache of 1871 and its successor in 1901.
- The cydippid ctenophore Pleurobrachia bachei A. Agassiz, 1860 was named for him; it was discovered in 1859 by Alexander Agassiz who was working as an engineer on a ship surveying the United States-Canada border between Washington state and British Columbia.[9]
- Bache-Martin School, a public elementary school in Philadelphia, has its 5th-8th grade building named after him.[10]
- Alexander Dallas Bache Monument, Bache's gravesite in the Congressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C.
- Alexander Dallas Bache School in Philadelphia
- Alexander Bache U.S. Coast Survey Line
- Richard Bache, Bache's paternal grandfather and son-in-law of Benjamin Franklin
- Richard Bache, Jr., Bache's father
- Sarah Franklin Bache, Bache's paternal grandmother and daughter of Benjamin Franklin
- "Bache, Alexander Dallas" . The Biographical Dictionary of America . Vol. 1. 1906. p. 172-173 – via Wikisource.
- "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
- "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
- "Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002" (PDF). Royal Society of Edinburgh. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 28, 2008. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
- "Henry Wood Bache". noaa.gov. Archived from the original on December 16, 2016. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
- Agassiz, G.R. 1913. Letters and recollections of Alexander Agassiz, with a sketch of his life and work, ed. by G.R. Agassiz. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 454 pages
- "Alexander Dallas Bache (1806–1867)", Chambers's Encyclopædia, vol. II, London: George Newnes, 1961, p. 35
- Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "Alexander Dallas Bache" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 3 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 196
- Jansen, Axel (2011), Alexander Dallas Bache: Building the American Nation through Science and Education in the Nineteenth Century Book, New York / Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, p. 352, ISBN 978-3-593-39355-1
- Slotten, Hugh Richard (1994), Patronage, Practice and the Culture of American Science: Alexander Dallas Bache and the U. S. Coast Survey, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-43395-9
- J.C. (1868), "Obituary: Alexander Dallas Bache", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 28 (1): 72–75, retrieved March 5, 2008
- Reingold, Nathan (1970), "Alexander Dallas Bache", Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 1, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 363–365, ISBN 0-684-10114-9
- Heyl, PR (1941), "The One Hundredth Anniversary Of The Establishment Of The Alexander Dallas Bache Magnetic Observatory", Science, 93 (2412) (published March 21, 1941): 272–273, Bibcode:1941Sci....93..272H, doi:10.1126/science.93.2412.272, PMID 17834787
- Odgers, Merle M. (1947), Alexander Dallas Bache: Scientist and Educator, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press
- Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (1868), An Address in Commemoration of Alexander Dallas Bache: Delivered August 6, 1868, Before the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Salem, Mass.: Essex Institute Press, ISBN 9780608421643
Attribution:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Bache, Alexander Dallas", Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 3 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 131–132
- Finding Aid to Alexander Dallas Bache Papers, 1821–1869
- National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
- The Bache Years (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Central Library)
- Alexander Dallas Bache: Leader of American Science and Second Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)
| Government offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Superintendent, United States Coast Survey 1843–1867 |
Succeeded by |
| Professional and academic associations | ||
| New office | President of the National Academy of Sciences 1863 – 1867 |
Succeeded by |