Amharic_Braille

Ge'ez Braille

Ge'ez Braille

Braille alphabet for all Ethiopic languages


Ge'ez Braille is the braille alphabet for all Ethiopic languages. Letter values are mostly in line with international usage.

Quick Facts Ge'ez Braille, Script type ...

Alphabet

Ge'ez Braille is a consonant–vowel alphabet, not an abugida like the print Ge'ez script. However, because the alphabetic chart (right) is organized by syllable rather than by letter, the vowels, which do not occur alone, are given first in the chart below, then the consonants are listed in Ge'ez order.

The syllabic chart at right shows a blank cell being used for the vowel ə. This is perhaps an artefact of the presentation; UNESCO (2013) shows it as a zero vowel that is simply not written.[1]

⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)
⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)
-u
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
-i
⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)
-a
⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
-e
⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)
-o
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
-wa
⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)
h ሀ
⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
l ለ
⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)
ḥ ሐ
⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)
m መ
⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)
ś ሠ
⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)
r ረ
⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)
s ሰ
⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)
š ሸ
⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)
ḳ ቀ
⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)
b በ
⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)
t ተ
⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)
č ቸ
⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)
ḫ ኀ
⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)
n ነ
⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)
ñ ኘ
⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)
ʾ አ
⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)
k ከ
⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)
x ኸ
⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)
w ወ
⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)
ʿ ዐ
⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)
z ዘ
⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
ž ዠ
⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)
y የ
⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)
d ደ
⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)
ǧ ጀ
⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)
g ገ
⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)
ṭ ጠ
⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)
č̣ ጨ
⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)
p̣ ጰ
⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)
ṣ ጸ
⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346)
ṣ́ ፀ
⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)
f ፈ
⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)
p ፐ
⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)
v ቨ

ə is not the default vowel in print Amharic, which is instead ä (braille ). For example, el + vowel is written ለ , ሉ lu, ሊ li, ላ la, ሌ le, ል , ሎ lo, ሏ lwa.

CwV and CyV other than Cwa are written with medial w and y: ገ , ጉ gu, ጊ gi, ጋ ga, ጌ ge, ግ , ጎ go, ጐ gwä, ጒ gwi, ጓ gwa, ጔ gwe, ጕ gwə. Note that Cwə is written as if it were Cwu, a sequence which does not occur in Ethiopic languages.

Numbers

Ethiopic digits do not follow the international pattern. They are also circumfixed with ... :

1 10
2 20
3 30
4 40
5 50
6 60
7 70
8 80
9 90
10 100

The form of 100 suggests that the prefix may occur before each digit, while the suffix occurs only at the end of the number.

Western numbers are marked with as in other braille alphabets.

Punctuation

Native punctuation is as follows:

More information Print, Braille ...

The last is a 'tonal mark'.

There is also Western punctuation:

More information Print, Braille ...
More information Print, Braille ...

References

  1. Unesco (2013), World Braille Usage, 3rd ed.

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This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Amharic_Braille, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.