Amy Nadya Finkelstein (born November 2, 1973) is an American economist who is a professor of economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the co-director and research associate of the Public Economics Program at the National Bureau of Economic Research, and the co-Scientific Director of J-PAL North America.^[2] She was awarded the 2012 John Bates Clark Medal for her contributions to economics.^[3][4][5] She was elected to the National Academy of Sciences^[6] and won a MacArthur "Genius" fellowship^[7] in 2018.

Finkelstein studied government at Harvard University, where she was a Truman Scholar and received an BA, summa cum laude, in 1995. At Harvard, her interest in economics was inspired in part by taking economist Lawrence Katz's course "Social Problems in the American Economy".^[8] She was a Marshall Scholar at Oxford University, where she received an M.Phil. in economics in 1997. She received her PhD in economics from MIT in 2001 under supervision of James M. Poterba and Jonathan Gruber.^[9]

Finkelstein was a Junior Fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows for three years, after which she joined the MIT faculty in 2005^[10] and received tenure within three years.^[8]

In 2016, MIT's School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences named Finkelstein the John and Jennie S. MacDonald Professor for a five-year term.^[11] The professorship was established with a gift by Edmund MacDonald, and recognizes Finkelstein's outstanding achievements in the field of economics.^[11]

Finkelstein's primary expertise is in public finance and health economics, focusing particularly on health insurance.^[8] She conducts research into market failures and government intervention in insurance markets, and the impact of public policy on health care and health insurance.^[12] Together with Katherine Baicker, she is one of two principal investigators of the Oregon Health Insurance Experiment, a randomized evaluation of the impact of expanding Medicaid to low-income adults.^[13] Her research has shown that newly enrolled Medicaid patients make more trips overall to providers after acquiring insurance, make more visits to emergency rooms, and benefit financially from having insurance, among other findings.^[14] Finkelstein said that the body of research, including her work on the effects of the 2008 Medicaid expansion in Oregon, have made her confident that health insurance improves health.^[15]

In 2008, Finkelstein was awarded the Elaine Bennett Research Prize by the Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession (CSWEP), for her contributions to the economics profession.^[16] In 2012, she was awarded the John Bates Clark Medal from the American Economic Association. The award cited her research as "a model of how theory and empirics can be combined in creative ways".^[4] In 2018, Finkelstein received a MacArthur "Genius" Grant.^[17]

Finkelstein is Jewish. She was born in New York City in 1973 to biologist parents, who both earned doctorates at The Rockefeller University. In 1940, her mother immigrated to the United States from Poland, where her maternal grandmother had received a doctorate in comparative literature at the University of Warsaw. ^[18]

Finkelstein is married to MIT economist Benjamin Olken.^[8]

• Baicker, Katherine; Finkelstein, Amy (2011). "The Effects of Medicaid Coverage — Learning from the Oregon Experiment". New England Journal of Medicine. 365 (8): 683–685. doi:10.1056/nejmp1108222. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 3321578. PMID 21774703.
• Finkelstein, Amy N.; Taubman, Sarah L.; Allen, Heidi L.; Wright, Bill J.; Baicker, Katherine (2016). "Effect of Medicaid Coverage on ED Use — Further Evidence from Oregon's Experiment". New England Journal of Medicine. 375 (16): 1505–1507. doi:10.1056/nejmp1609533. hdl:1721.1/114043. PMID 27797307. S2CID 30226905.
• Finkelstein, Amy; Gentzkow, Matthew; Hull, Peter; Williams, Heidi (2017). "Adjusting Risk Adjustment — Accounting for Variation in Diagnostic Intensity". New England Journal of Medicine. 376 (7): 608–610. doi:10.1056/nejmp1613238. PMC 5380362. PMID 28199802.
• Dobkin, Carlos; Finkelstein, Amy; Kluender, Raymond; Notowidigdo, Matthew J. (2018). "Myth and Measurement — The Case of Medical Bankruptcies". New England Journal of Medicine. 378 (12): 1076–1078. doi:10.1056/nejmp1716604. PMC 5865642. PMID 29562153.