Anastasio Alfaro (February 16, 1865 – January 20, 1951) was a Costa Rican zoologist, geologist and explorer.

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Alfaro was director of the National Museum of Costa Rica,^[1] and whilst holding this position arranged the Costa Rican display at the Historical American Exposition in Madrid.^[2] Limon worm salamander Oedipina alfaroi is named after him.^[3]