Archibald_Reith_Low
Archibald "Archie" Reith Low, MA (Cantab) FRAeS (31 December 1878, in Aberdeen – 21 January 1969)[1] was a British pilot and aeronautics pioneer. He designed the Vickers F.B.5. and Vickers E.F.B.1.[2][3][4] According to Mervyn O'Gorman, Low coined the term "drag" to refer to aerodynamic drag.[5]
Low was one of eight children of his father, a Church of Scotland minister and Jane Stuart Reith, aunt to Lord Reith. He was educated at George Watson's College and Edinburgh University, and at Clare College, Cambridge.[6]
Low held the rank of Second Lieutenant in the City of London Imperial Volunteers.[7] He held the rank of Acting Lieutenant Commander in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve attached to the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS).[8] When on 1 April 1918, the RNAS was merged with the British Army's Royal Flying Corps to form the Royal Air Force (the world's first independent air force), he held the rank of Major (in the Royal Air Force).[9] He had therefore held a commission in all three services. He was awarded the star (S.), Victory (V.) Medal and the British War Medal (BS.).[10]; they were irreverently known as Pip, Squeak and Wildfred, respectively.
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| 12 Oct 1900 | Adm. at Clare College, Cambridge. School, Edinburgh Academy (not in Edinburgh Academy Register). |
| 23 Jun 1903 | He graduated Bachelor of Arts (BA). He had studied first for the Mathematical Tripos, as the honours BA is known, and in the examinations for Part I of the tripos in Easter term 1902 was awarded a third class pass. He then switched to studying for the Mechanical Sciences tripos. In the examinations for this tripos in Easter term 1903 he was awarded a third class pass. He was awarded MA by proxy (that is, in absentia) on 5 August 1961.[11] |
| 1906 | Appointed assistant head designer, and later head designer at Johnson & Phillips Ltd,[12] Charlton, London. |
| Jul & Aug 1910 | Learnt to fly at the Farman School at Étampes, France; followed by employment at the Bristol Flying School at Brooklands, where he helped design the unsuccessful Bristol Monoplane. |
| 22 Nov 1910 | Royal Aero Club certificate taken on Bristol Biplane at Brooklands |
| 1911 to 1913 | Appointed chief designer at Vickers in their newly formed Vickers Ltd (Aviation Department). Designed the Vickers Gun Bus, the first aeroplane to be designed as a fighter. |
| 4 Feb 1915 | Entered RNAS as Lieutenant RNVR. Posted to HMS Engadine and HMS Ben-my-Chree (with the latter in the Dardanelles with the East Indies and Egypt Seaplane Squadron) as a pilot. |
| 25 Jul 1916 | "A/70016. D.A.S. 25.7.16:- Telegram to CinC East Indies for this officer to be sent home for duty in Air Dept." |
| 5 Sep 1916 | Posted to Air Dept "B" Section. |
| 12 Oct 1916 | Posted to "D" Flight, Royal Navy Aeroplane Repair Depot on the Isle of Grain on the River Medway. |
| 29 Dec 1916 | By Grain: Languages French, German. "Has very valuable practical & theoretical knowledge of Seaplanes & Aeroplanes" |
| 12 Mar 1917 | Posted to Air Dept (N.A.D.) "Technical Allowance 5 shillings". |
| 26 Nov 1917 | By Wg Cdr A.M. Longmore: "Very strongly recommended for promotion." |
| 1 Dec 1917 | By General Pitcher, Air Board: "Recommended for promotion" |
| 31 Dec 1917 | Promoted: "Act Lieut.Cdr RNVR" (his 39th birthday). |
| 14 Jan 1918 | "a/133523 cw/22825. 14.1.18:- Submission put forward for promotion to rank of Act Lt.Cdr." |
| 23 Jan 1918 | "Cw List 23.1.18. To revert to Lieut on return to RNAS |
| 1 Apr 1918 | London Gazette AFL C76637 4/19: "Promoted Major w.e.f. 1.4.18" |
| 19 Aug 1919 | London Gazette 1048D 19/8/19: "Transferred to Unemployed List w.e.f. 11.7.19". "Service Considered for the Grant of War Medals" |
| 1919 | Chief Librarian at the Air Ministry. |
| 1932 | Appointed Senior Technical Officer at Orfordness Beacon, which was 'The Birthplace of Radar', where he was known as a 'boffin', a new term at the time for a person engaged in unspecified scientific or technical research, and where he became a lifelong friend of Henry Tizard, who started the Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. |
| 1938 | Transferred to the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough Airport, to work in the Directorate of Technical Development, where a second station operating on the same principle as at Orfordness Beacon was set up to provide wider area coverage and allow two-bearing fixes between Orfordness and Farnborough Airport. |
| 1940 | Emigrated to Canada to work at one of the munitions factories there to perfect tracer bullet techniques and then became a scientific adviser to the Canadian Government War Department. |
| 1949 | Retired to Switzerland, aged 71. |
- Normal Elliptic Functions (University of Toronto Press 1950)
- "Archibald Low". britishaviation-ptp.com. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- Bloor, David (3 October 2011). The Enigma of the Aerofoil: Rival Theories in Aerodynamics, 1909-1930. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226060934.
- Driver, Hugh (1 January 1997). The Birth of Military Aviation: Britain, 1903-1914. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. ISBN 9780861932344.
- Penrose, Harald (1997). British Aviation: The Pioneer Years 1903-1914, Volume 1. Putnam. ISBN 9780370001227.
- "Alumni Cantabrigienses". Cambridge, University Press. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- Edmondston-Low, Richard (1 April 1970). "Major A R Low, RAF, MA (Cantab.), FRAeS 1878-1969". The Aeronautical Journal. 74 (712): 337–338. doi:10.1017/S0001924000047679. ISSN 0001-9240. S2CID 245678769.
- "National Archives". Retrieved 24 September 2020.
- London Gazette AFL C76637 4/19: "Promoted Major w.e.f. 1.4.18"
- Naval War Medal Roll: 1914-1920 Volume 2. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
- "Cambridge University Student Record Cards Series Classmark: UA Graduati 12/146". 27 February 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
- "History of the Atlantic Cable & Undersea Communications from the first submarine cable of 1850 to the worldwide fiber optic network". 22 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
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