Arentius (Portuguese: Arâncio) and Arentia (Portuguese: Arância) are considered to be a pair of indigenous deities that belong to the Lusitanian pantheon,^[1][2] and attested mainly in epigraphy.

Scholars report at least 13 epigraphies (14 inscriptions, as of 2022)^[3] attesting either Arentius or Arentia, mostly located in central-eastern Lusitania,^[4] and, according to scholar Juan Olivares Pedreño, "well represented" in Egitania.^[5]

Both deities are attested either in isolation, or, rarely, as a pair.^[6] Olivares Pedreño suggested that their attestation as a pair seems to hark back to similar votive altars of a male and female divine couple in Celtic areas.^[7][8]

The pair is also alternatively attested as Arantius and Arantia, although this occurrence is rare.^[9]

In two inscriptions from Beira Baixa, Arentius is attested as Arantio Tanginiciaeco and as Arentio Cronisensi.^[10]

Francisco Marco Simón suggested that the pair were aquatic deities, following Hans Krahe's study on Old European hydronymy that associates the stem *ar- with the names of bodies of water.^[11]

Spanish historian José María Blázquez Martínez [es] seems to support this interpretation.^[12] Also, according to Blazquez, Blanca María Prósper believes that Arantio (another attested name for Arentius) refers to a river deity.^[13]

• Castro culture
• Celtic mythology
• Lusitanian language
• National Archaeology Museum (Portugal)
• Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
• Proto-Indo-European mythology
• Roman mythology