Aryabhata_(satellite)
Aryabhata (satellite)
India's first satellite
Aryabhata was India's first satellite,[3] named after the astronomer.[7] It was launched on 19 April 1975[3] from Kapustin Yar, a Soviet rocket launch and development site in Astrakhan Oblast using a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. It was built by ISRO, and launched by the Soviet Union as a part of the Soviet Interkosmos programme which provided access to space for friendly states.
File photo of Aryabhata, India's first indigenously built satellite. | |
| Mission type | Astrophysics |
|---|---|
| Operator | ISRO |
| COSPAR ID | 1975-033A  |
| SATCAT no. | 07753 |
| Mission duration | Planned: 6 months[1] Experiments ended during 5th day in orbit[2] |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Launch mass | 360 kilograms (790 lb)[3][1] |
| Power | 46 watts[1] |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 19 April 1975, 07:30 (1975-04-19UTC07:30Z) UTC[4] |
| Rocket | Kosmos-3M[5] |
| Launch site | Kapustin Yar 107/2 |
| End of mission | |
| Last contact | March 1981 (1981-04)[1] |
| Decay date | 10 February 1992[1] |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric |
| Regime | Low Earth |
| Perigee altitude | 563 kilometres (350 mi)[1] |
| Apogee altitude | 619 kilometres (385 mi)[1] |
| Inclination | 50.7 degrees[1] |
| Period | 96.46 minutes |
| Epoch | 19 May 1975[6] |
It was launched by India on 19 April 1975[3] from Kapustin Yar, a Russian rocket launch and development site in Astrakhan Oblast using a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. It was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).[8] The launch came from an agreement between India and the Soviet Union directed by UR Rao and signed in 1972. It allowed the USSR to use Indian ports for tracking ships and launching vessels in return for launching various different Indian satellites.[9]
On 19 April 1975, the satellite's 96.46-minute orbit had an apogee of 619 kilometres (385 mi) and a perigee of 563 kilometres (350 mi), at an inclination of 50.7 degrees.[6][1] It was built to conduct experiments in X-ray astronomy, aeronomics, and solar physics. The spacecraft was a 26-sided polyhedron 1.4 metres (4.6 ft) in diameter. All faces (except the top and bottom) were covered with solar cells.[5] A power failure halted experiments after four days and 60 orbits, with all signals from the spacecraft lost after five days of operation.[2] Spacecraft mainframe remained active till March 1981.[1] the satellite entered Earth's atmosphere on 10 February 1992 due to orbital decay.[1]
- It was named after the 5th century astronomer and mathematician from India by Aryabhata.[10]
- The satellite's image appeared on the reverse of Indian two rupee banknotes between 1976 and 1997 (Pick catalog).[5]
- 1984 USSR stamp featuring Bhaskara-I, Bhaskara-II and Aryabhata satellites
- Illustration of Aryabhata spacecraft on ₹2 currency bill
- "Aryabhata". ISRO.gov.in. Archived from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
- Jha, Martand (17 April 2020). "Aryabhata: Remembering India's first satellite". The Interpreter. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
- "Aryabhata" in The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 611.
- McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- "Aryabhata". URSC.gov.in. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
- McDowell, Jonathan. "Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- Harvey, Brian (2000). The Japanese and Indian space programmes : two roads into space. London [u.a.]: Springer [u.a.] p. 133. ISBN 1-85233-199-2.
- Harvey, Brian (2000). The Japanese and Indian Space Programmes: Two Roads into Space. London: Springer. p. 134. ISBN 1-85233-199-2.
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