Ashiya (芦屋町, Ashiya-machi) is a town located in Onga District, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 29 February 2024^[update], the town had an estimated population of 12,930 in 6450 households, and a population density of 1100 persons per km².^[1] The total area of the town is 11.60 km² (4.48 sq mi).

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Ashiya 芦屋町
Town
Ashiya Town hall
Flag Chapter
Location of Ashiya in Fukuoka Prefecture
Ashiya Location in Japan
Coordinates: 33°53′38″N 130°39′50″E
Country	Japan
Region	Kyushu
Prefecture	Fukuoka
District	Onga
Area
• Total	11.60 km2 (4.48 sq mi)
Population  (February 29, 2024)
• Total	12,930
• Density	1,100/km2 (2,900/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+09:00 (JST)
Website	Official website
Symbols
Flower	Crinum asiaticum
Tree	Black Pine

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Ashiya is located at the mouth of the Onga River in north-central Fukuoka Prefecture, and is part of the Kitakyushu metropolitan area. The urban area is on both banks of the mouth of the Onga River, with the town hall and urban center are located on the west bank, along with the Japan Air Self-Defense Force Ashiya Base and Ashiya Boat Race Course. Furthermore, the Onga River has a large water area, and the actual habitable area is only 7.37 km² (2.85 sq mi). Therefore, the number of medium- and high-rise residential areas is high relative to the population. The north side of the town faces the Gulf of Hibiki, and is with the borders of the Genkai Quasi-National Park.

The area of Ashiya was part of ancient Chikuzen Province. Shell middens left by the Jomon people are scattered around the midstream to the mouth of the ancient Onga River, and among these shell middens, one known as the Yamaga Shell Midden is particularly famous nationwide. In the late Yayoi period, the area was called "Oka no Tsu" and was famous as one of the three major military ports, along with Toyotsu and Usa. At that time, it was a deep and vast bay, but due to the accumulation of earth and sand from the Onga River over the years and land reclamation, there is no trace of what it once was. The name "Ashiya" appears in mid-Heian period documents. In 1185, it was the site of the Battle of Ashiyaura in the Genpei War. In the Kamakura period, the port was regards as equal to that of Shimonoseki. From the Edo period, it prospered as a post town on the highway to Karatsu and was under the control of Fukuoka Domain. After the Meiji restoration, the village of Ashiya was established on May 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system. It was raised to town status on June 10, 1891. However, railway lines bypassed the area (due to its proximity to the Korean Peninsula and the Sea of Japan, construction was avoided from a defense perspective), and the area gradually became isolated.

Ashiya has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 12 members. Ashiya, collectively wth the other municipalities of Onga District, contributes two members to the Fukuoka Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town is part of the Fukuoka 8th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Ashiya has developed as a commercial center around the military base, with some residual agriculture and commercial fishing. The town is increasingly a commuter town for neighboring Kitakyushu.

Ashiya has three public elementary schools and one public junior high school operated by the town government. The town does not have a high school.