Aynata

Aynata

Aynata

Village in Nabatieh Governorate

For other places with similar names, see Aaynata (disambiguation).

Aynata (Arabic: عيناتا)[1] is a village in Lebanon. It is located in the southern portion of the country.[2] A stronghold for Hezbollah, during the war with Israel in 2006, about 60% of the homes in the town were destroyed.[3]

Quick Facts عيناتا, Grid position ...

The terrain consists of plateaus of varying heights, with the Aynata itself located at an elevation of 740m.[4] Several valleys separate Aynata from the nearest villages. Aynata has a moderate climate, cool summers and cold winters.[citation needed]

History

See also: Beth-Anath

Yohanan Aharoni have suggested that Aynata was ancient En-hazor, and that it was also listed in the topographical lists of Thutmose III.[5]

Aynata was suggested to be Beth-Anath by van de Velde in 1854,[6] also by W.M. Thomson in 1859,[7] and later by Victor Guérin.[8] The same view was held by historical geographer Georg Kampffmeyer (1892).[9]

Foundations and columns of a ruined temple complex in the woods near the village were recorded by William McClure Thomson, who thought them to have once been called Kubrikha. He remarked that "the whole neighborhood is crowded with ancient but deserted sites."[7]

Ottoman era

In 1596, it was named as a village, ‘’Aynata’’ in the Ottoman nahiya (subdistrict) of Tibnin under the liwa' (district) of Safad, with a population of 111 households and 22 bachelors, all Muslim. The villagers paid taxes on agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, vineyards, fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to "occasional revenues" and a fixed sum; a total of 10,560 akçe.[10][11]

In 1875, Victor Guérin found a village with 400 Metualis.[8]

In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it: "A village, built of stone, containing about 500 Metawileh. There is a Moslem school in the village; extensive vineyards and a few olives in the wady. Water supplied from birket and many cisterns.”[12]

Modern era

Aynata is the family home of Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah, a prominent twelver Shia cleric.

During the 2006 Lebanon War, on July 19, an Israeli missile killed 4 civilians in the village.[13] On July 24, Israel shelled two houses in the village; killing all inside both houses. One house had 4 Hezbollah fighters, the other house had 8 civilians, aged between 16 and 77.[14]

Aaynata has a population of around 5,000 (dropping to 1,300 in the winter) and is 120 kilometers (74.568 mi) away from Beirut and sits 740 meters above sea level. The area borders Bent Jbayl, Aaitaroun, and Yaroun.[4] It was occupied by Israel and most residents emigrated to Beirut's southern suburbs. Israel pulled out of the area in 2000 and it has seen housing construction since that time. Tobacco and olives are grown in the area.

In 2024, during the conflict between Hezbollah and Israel, the Israeli army attacked two vehicles. Hezbollah soldiers were traveling in one of the vehicles and in the other four family members of the journalist Samir Ayoub who were also killed in the attack.[15]

Hezbollah fatalities during 2006 Lebanon War

  • Mousa Yousuf Khanafer*
  • Amir Ibrahim Fadlallah
  • Jamil Mahmoud an-Nimr
  • Ali Muhammad as-Sayyid Ali
  • Mahir Muhammad Sayf ad-Din
  • Zayd Mahmoud Haydar*
  • Muhammad Dheeb Khanafer
  • Kazem Ali Khanafer
  • Ammar Habib Qawsan
  • Nazim Abdan-Nabi Nasrallah
  • Marwan Husayn Samhat*
  • Muhammad Hassan Samhat
  • Hassan Ismail Mustafa
  • Shakir Najib Ghanam

[16]

* The body of the fighter was captured by IDF and removed to Israel but was returned to Lebanon in the prisoner exchanges in 2007-08.

References

  1. [1]
    From personal name, according to Palmer 1881, p. 66
  2. [2]
    Cambanis, Thanassis (16 August 2006). "Reclaiming bodies and shattered lives in Lebanon". The Boston Globe.
  3. [3]
    Slackman, Michael (11 July 2007). "Where Outsiders, and Fear, Loom Over Daily Life". The New York Times.
  4. [4]
    Aaynata Localiban
  5. [5]
    Freedman, et al., 2000, p. 407
  6. [6]
    Van de Velde, 1854, I, p. 170
  7. [7]
    Thomson, 1859, p. 315
  8. [8]
    Guérin, 1880, p. 374
  9. [9]
    Kampffmeyer (1892), pp. pp. 38, 42, 61, 64, 85, 87
  10. [10]
    Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 179
  11. [11]
    Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 Archived 2019-04-20 at the Wayback Machine writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9
  12. [12]
    Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 200
  13. [13]
    HRW, 2007, pp. 105-106
  14. [14]
    HRW, 2007, pp. 112-113
  15. [15]
    "Guerre entre Israël et le Hamas : quatre membres de la famille d'un journaliste libanais tués dans une frappe israélienne". ladepeche.fr (in French). Retrieved 2024-04-02.
  16. [16]
    "شهداء عيناثا الابرار (The noble martyrs of Aynatha)". Municipality of Aynata. Archived from the original on April 26, 2012. Retrieved Dec 28, 2011.

Bibliography
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