Oelsen

Oelsen is the oldest settlement of the municipality, first mentioned in 1169 as Olesnice.^[4] The name originates from the Czech olešná, meaning alder bush. It was one of the first colonised areas of the Knights Hospitaller in the Ore Mountains. In 1429, the Hussites destroyed Oelsen. It wasn't rebuilt until the end of the 15th century.

In 1517 the manor of Oelsen was acquired by the Bünau family, who held it until 1762. At the end of World War II, on 9 May 1945, surviving prisoners of a death march from the Porschdorf subcamp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp were liberated near Oelsen.^[5]

In 1996, Oelsen joined Bad Gottleuba.

and Hellendorf

Markersbach was first documented as Marquardi villa in 1363.^[6] Hellendorf was first mentioned as Heldisdorf in 1379.^[7] Its school was opened in 1837 and another in 1858. The current school was inaugurated in 1927. In 1970, the two villages were merged into the new municipality Bahratal.

Gottleuba

Gottleuba was first mentioned in 1363 as Gotlavia,^[8] but it probably already existed at the end of the 13th century. In 1298 Gottleuba together with Pirna became a part of Bohemia. In 1405 Pirna and Gottleuba were taken back by the Margrave of Meissen.

Already at the end of the 14th century Gottleuba was a center for mining, mainly iron, silver, and copper. The last silver mine was closed in 1889. In 1463, Gottleuba received town privileges. In the 16th century, Gottleuba developed guilds with special commercial laws (for example, holding of spring and autumn markets and grant of weekly markets). Wars, disease, large town fires in 1746 and 1865, and the flood disasters of 1552, 1897, 1927, and 1957 again brought considerable setbacks to the city.

A recuperation centre belonging to the Landesversicherungsanstalt Sachsen was built in Gottleuba in 1909. In 1936 the name was officially changed to Bad Gottleuba. Since 1991, the sanatorium which is named Gesundheitspark Bad Gottleuba has been under the charge of TRIA Immobilienanlagen und Verwaltungs-GmbH in Berlin.

Berggießhübel

Berggießhübel was first mentioned as Gyßhobel in 1412.^[9] The origin of the name is disputed, one likely explanation is the mountain where ore is melted and poured. In 1548 it received town privileges. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) interrupted the iron works. In 1717, medicinal water was found and Berggießhübel became a spa town. The baths were damaged in the Napoleonic Wars, but in 1822 the business was rebuilt by Friedrich August Freiherr von Leyßer.

With the opening of a railway line from Pirna to Berggießhübel in 1880, the region attracted more visitors. In 1993, the MEDIAN-klinik was opened in the area of Friedrichstal.

Langenhennersdorf and Bahra

Langenhennersdorf was first mentioned as Hennici villa in 1356^[10] and was assigned to the Margrave of Meissen in 1404. Bahra was mentioned for the first time in 1524.^[11] The name originates from the Old High German bar and para, meaning "cleared forest".

Bahra was assigned to the knightly manor (Rittersgut) of Langenhennersdorf in 1548. In 1838, a school was opened in Langenhennersdorf. In 1971, Langenhennersdorf and Bahra became a single municipality.